In recent years, as a result of climate change, rangeland productivity has decreased in Iran. In order to select drought-tolerant genotypes, seeds of 36 genotypes of cocksfoot were cultivated and evaluated across four rain-fed environments of Iran over 2 years. The results proved the efficiency of graphical stability (regression, AMMI and GGE biplot) methods for selecting stable and high-yielding genotypes. Three local and a foreign genotype were selected for breeding improved varieties for cultivation in locations and similar areas.

In Namibia, the inter-relationships among rangeland change, shrub encroachment, and freehold and communal land-use practices were studied. Shrub encroachment was observed in both land tenure systems from 1965 to 2020. Freehold and communal farmers perceived the causes and effects of rangeland change differently and had different strategies to deal with the situation. On freehold land, shrub encroachment began to decline in 2011 owing to de-bushing activities, whereas communal farmers had limited options to address shrub encroachment.