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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 45(3)

Herbage yield stability of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) genotypes across rain-fed environments

Ali Vosough A , Ali Ashraf Jafari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-3796 B * , Ezzat Karami https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-2541 A , Hooshmand Safari C and Reza Talebi A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

B Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

C Agricultural Research and Education Center and Natural Resources of Kermanshah Province Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.

* Correspondence to: aajafari@rifr-ac.ir

The Rangeland Journal 45(3) 109-122 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ23015
Submitted: 21 April 2023  Accepted: 23 October 2023  Published: 28 November 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Australian Rangeland Society.

Abstract

Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a cool-season perennial grass that naturally grows in semi-steppe rangelands in Iran. In recent years, as a result of climate change, coupled with high livestock grazing, rangeland productivity has decreased. This study aimed to analyse the stability of forage dry matter (DM) production of 36 cocksfoot genotypes across four rain-fed environments (Ardebil, Zanjan, Hamadan, and Kermanshah) in Iran. At each location, an experiment was conducted using a randomised complete-block design (RCBD) with three replications over 2 years. The result of combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) across locations showed significant effects of environment (E), genotype (G), and GE interaction (P < 0.01) for DM yield. The E, G and GE interaction effects accounted for 33.19%, 17.98% and 40.52% of the total variance respectively. The GE interaction was subsequently investigated using regression stability, Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), and genotype main effect (G) plus genotype–environment (GE) interaction (GGE) biplot analysis. According to the regression method, genotypes G2, G3, G11 and G12 with a slope close to unity, coupled with high production, had good general stability in all locations. In addition, some genotypes were specifically identified for poor- and high-performing environments. According to the AMMI-2, IPC1 vs IPC2 biplot, genotypes G2, G10, G11, G14 and G15, placed close to the origin of the biplot coupled with higher production, showed general stability in all environments. The best genotypes for the respective environments were also determined. Using the GGE biplot, genotypes G2, G3, G11 and G12 were more stable in all environments. Therefore, on the basis of all analytical methods, three local genotypes, G2 (Karaj), G3 (Marand) and G11 (Qazvin), and a foreign genotype, G14 (from, USA), were identified as most suitable genotypes for breeding improved varieties and cultivation in the study locations and similar areas.

Keywords: AMMI, cool season grasses, drought stress, dryland farming, forage production, G × E interaction, GGE biplot, regression, Shukla’s stability.

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