Dietary rumen-protected arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhances fetal growth in underfed ewes
Lingwei Sun A B C , Hao Zhang A , Ziyu Wang A , Yixuan Fan A , Yixuan Guo A and Feng Wang A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Meat Sheep and Goat Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, #1, Tongwei Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China.
B Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, #2901, Beidi Road, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
C Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-genetics and Breeding, #2901, Beidi Road, Shanghai, 201106, PR China.
D Corresponding author. Email: caeet@njau.edu.cn
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30(8) 1116-1127 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD17164
Submitted: 28 April 2017 Accepted: 29 December 2017 Published: 8 February 2018
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an ovine intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) model to test the hypothesis that dietary rumen-protected l-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation in underfed ewes is effective in enhancing fetal growth. Between Days 35 and 110 of pregnancy, 32 multiparous ewes carrying two fetuses were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control (CG) group (n = 8; 100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements for pregnant sheep), a nutrient-restricted (RG) group (n = 8; fed 50% NRC requirements, and two treatment (ARG and NCG) groups (n = 8 in each group; fed 50% NRC requirements supplemented with 20 g day−1 RP-Arg or 5 g day−1 NCG. All ewes were killed on Day 110 of pregnancy to determine fetal weight and fetal organ weights, and metabolites and hormones in fetal plasma, amino acid concentrations in the fetal liver and longissimus dorsi muscle, and expression of mRNAs in the somatotropic axis. Maternal and fetal bodyweight and the weight of most fetal organs expressed as a percentage of bodyweight increased in response to ARG and NCG compared with values for fetuses from RG ewes. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, total amino acids, lactate, thyroxine, and the thyroxine/tri-iodothyronine ratio were lower in fetuses from RG ewes compared with the other treatment groups, but concentrations of growth hormone, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were greater in fetuses from RG ewes. Maternal RP-Arg or NCG supplementation increased concentrations of amino acids in fetal tissues and expression of mRNAs for somatotropic axis proteins in fetuses from RG ewes. These findings suggest that maternal RP-Arg and NCG supplementation of underfed ewes decreases fetal IUGR by improving metabolic homeostasis of fetal endocrinology, increasing the availability of amino acids in the fetal liver and longissimus dorsi muscle and affecting the expression of somatotropic axis genes.
Additional keywords: amino acids, arginine, fetus, Hu sheep, somatotropic axis, undernutrition.
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