A novel subclass of bovine β-defensins links reproduction and immunology
F. Narciandi A , A. Lloyd B , K. G. Meade C D and C. O’Farrelly A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Comparative Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
B Department of Science & Health, Carlow Institute of Technology, Kilkenny Rd, Co. Carlow, Ireland.
C Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland.
D Corresponding author. Email: kieran.meade@teagasc.ie
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26(6) 769-777 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD13153
Submitted: 16 May 2013 Accepted: 6 June 2013 Published: 22 July 2013
Abstract
β-defensins are effector molecules of the innate immune system, found in many diverse species. Their presence in invertebrates as well as vertebrates suggests highly conserved functional roles. Most β-defensins are believed to act as antimicrobial agents at epithelial surfaces, although additional functions have also been described, including immune regulatory activity, wound repair and a role in coat-colour determination. High expression of β-defensins have been found in testis and epididymidal epithelium as well as in the seminal fluid of humans, macaque, rat, mouse and cow. Human and macaque β-defensins have recently been shown to affect sperm motility while a mutation in β-defensin 126 is associated with reduced fertility in men. Genetic variation in bovine defensin genes may explain the increased incidence of low fertility in cattle. Here, we present a summary of the known functions of β-defensins as well as their emerging role in reproduction and their potential to improve fertility in cattle.
Additional keywords: BBD126, epididymis, fertility, immune response.
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