Effect of paternal smoking on pre-implantation embryonic development: a prospective cohort study
Jean Frappier A B , Aurélie Martinaud A B , Julie Barberet A B , Céline Bruno A B , Magali Guilleman A B , Céline Amblot C , Adrien Guilloteau D and Patricia Fauque
A B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, 14 rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon CEDEX, France.
B INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche comté, Dijon, France.
C Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital François Mitterrand, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
D USMR, Dijon University Hospital, F-21000 Dijon, France.
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34(15) 971-979 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD22093
Published online: 29 August 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: Recent studies have failed to demonstrate the negative impact of male tobacco smoking on embryo development, raising the question of its actual implication on natural fecundity and assisted reproductive techniques outcomes.
Aims: To assess the impact of paternal smoking on embryo development.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 252 men from couples undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were included. Each patient was interviewed and took a carbon monoxide breath-test, creating three groups: non-smokers (n = 113), former smokers (n = 81) and active smokers (n = 58). The Top-grade embryo ratio (primary endpoint), embryo morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes were assessed.
Key results: In a multivariate analyses based on 1521 embryos, no significant difference was found in the top-grade embryo ratio between the groups. Tobacco smoking had no impact on clinical outcomes. Compared to non-smokers the time to the pronuclei fading (tPNf, P = 0.006) and the time to the first embryonic cleavage (t2, P = 0.002) were shorter in smokers, and the t2 was also slightly shorter in former smokers (P = 0.045). No other differences were found in the morphokinetic parameters.
Conclusion: Even if a few differences were observed in the first timing of embryonic events, this study did not highlight a major embryonic and clinical impact of the paternal smoking status.
Implication: The results obtained here are reassuring towards IVF outcomes. As maternal smoking is highly controlled in the IVF patients in this study, we speculate that the sperm selection process may limit the adverse effects of tobacco consumption on embryo development.
Keywords: assisted reproductive techniques, clinical outcomes, embryo morphokinetics, embryonic development, in vitro fertilisation, time-lapse imaging, tobacco smoking, top-grade embryo.
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