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Reproduction, Fertility and Development Reproduction, Fertility and Development Society
Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
REVIEW (Open Access)

Sperm interaction with the uterine innate immune system: toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a main sensor in cattle

Ihshan Akthar A , Mohamed A. Marey A B , Yejin Kim A , Masayuki Shimada C , Susan S. Suarez D and Akio Miyamoto A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.

B Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Behera, Egypt.

C Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.

D Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

* Correspondence to: akiomiya@obihiro.ac.jp

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34(2) 139-148 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD21265
Published online: 12 October 2021

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the IETS. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

During the passage through the female reproductive tract, sperm interact with various compartments and their immune systems. The immune system that protects the female against pathogens also could destroy sperm or prevent them from reaching the site of fertilisation. In particular, the uterine innate immune response is crucial from the perspectives of both the sperm and the uterus. Following insemination, sperm immediately start to trigger inflammation in the uterus by entering uterine glands and activating an innate immune response. In cattle, the activation occurs mainly via TLR2 signalling, if not the only one, between sperm and the uterine epithelium lining the glands. This acute immune response is manifested as the upregulation of mRNA expression of IL8, TNFA, IL1B, and PGES. As a consequence, many sperm are trapped by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, the first and major component of innate immunity. The sperm-induced uterine innate immune responses apparently serve to clear the uterus of excess sperm and, importantly, prepare the endometrium for implantation. Pathophysiological conditions in the uterus seriously disrupt this phenomenon, and thus could directly decrease fertility.

Keywords: cattle, endometrium, innate immunity, mucus, sperm, toll-like receptor 2, uterine gland, uterus.


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