Increased mRNA expression of selected pro-inflammatory factors in inflamed bovine endometrium in vivo as well as in endometrial epithelial cells exposed to Bacillus pumilus in vitro
Martina A. Gärtner A , Sarah Peter A , Markus Jung B , Marc Drillich C , Ralf Einspanier A and Christoph Gabler A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
B Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, 16321 Bernau, Germany.
C University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
D Corresponding author. Email: christoph.gabler@fu-berlin.de
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28(7) 982-994 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD14219
Submitted: 19 June 2014 Accepted: 14 November 2014 Published: 7 January 2015
Abstract
Endometrial epithelium plays a crucial role in the first immune response to invading bacteria by producing cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the first inflammatory response of the endometrium in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression of several pro-inflammatory factors and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, -4, -6) was determined in endometrial cytobrush samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Endometrial epithelial cells were co-cultured with an isolated autochthonous uterine bacterial strain Bacillus pumilus. Total RNA was extracted from in vivo and in vitro samples and subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CXC ligands (CXCL) 1/2 and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2 mRNA expression was higher in cows with subclinical endometritis and CXCL3 mRNA expression was higher in cows with clinical endometritis compared with healthy cows. B. pumilus induced cell death of epithelial cells within 24 h of co-culturing. The presence of B. pumilus resulted in significantly higher mRNA expression of interleukin 1α (IL1A), IL6, IL8, CXCL1–3 and prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase 2 in co-cultured cells compared with untreated controls. The maximum increase was mainly detected after 2 h. These results support the hypothesis that bacterial infection of endometrial cells might induce prompt synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in a local inflammatory reaction.
Additional keywords: bovine endometritis, CXC ligands, interleukins, Toll-like receptors.
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