Enhanced developmental potential of heat-shocked porcine parthenogenetic embryos is related to accelerated mitogen-activated protein kinase dephosphorylation
S. Clay Isom A C , Randall S. Prather A and Edmund B. Rucker
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
B Present address: Department of Biology, 675 Rose Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
C Corresponding author. Email: isoms@missouri.edu
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21(7) 892-900 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD08268
Submitted: 18 November 2008 Accepted: 7 June 2009 Published: 27 July 2009
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that a 9-h heat shock of 42°C can have marked stimulatory effects on porcine parthenogenetic embryo development if applied immediately after oocyte activation. Developmental discrepancies between heat-shocked (HS) and non-HS embryos were manifest as early as 3 h after activation, suggesting involvement of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Analysis of cdc2 kinase activity showed that MPF inactivation occurred at similar rates in HS and control embryos upon oocyte activation. However, MAPK dephosphorylation was accelerated in HS embryos compared with controls. Okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, maintained MAPK activity at high levels in both non-HS and HS embryos and sensitised HS embryos to the effects of elevated temperatures. No increase in heat shock proteins was observed in pronuclear-stage HS embryos. These data suggest that the acceleration of development observed in HS porcine parthenogenetic embryos is associated with a precocious inactivation of the MAPK signalling cascade. The faster cleavage divisions observed in HS embryos may be linked physiologically to their enhanced developmental potential in vitro.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge Premium Standard Farms (now Farmland Foods, Inc.; Milan, MO, USA) for providing ovaries from their abattoir facilities. In addition, the authors thank C. Nathan Hancock for critical reading of the manuscript and additional helpful suggestions. Finally, the authors acknowledge funding through a USDA-CSREES National Needs Fellowship (Grant no. 00–38420–8830) for SCI as well as state-appropriated monies allocated through the Food for the 21st Century programme at the University of Missouri.
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