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Reproduction, Fertility and Development Reproduction, Fertility and Development Society
Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
RESEARCH ARTICLE

IETS 2025 Abstracts

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 37, RDv37n1abs https://doi.org/10.1071/RDv37n1abs

© 2025 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the IETS

Abstract

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL EMBRYO TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY

Fort Worth, Texas

18–22 January 2025

Main Theme: “Emerging technologies for healthy reproduction and sustainability”

Download the PDF version of the full set of conference abstracts, or use the list below to view the online version of each abstract.

To cite the full set of abstracts: (2025) IETS 2025 Conference Abstracts. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 37, RDv37n1abs. doi:10.1071/RDv37n1abs

To cite individual abstracts use the following format: Pezo SE et al. (2025) 1 Development of field techniques for collection and disinfection of bison semen [Conference abstract]. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 37, RDv37n1Ab1. doi:10.1071/RDv37n1Ab1

Graduate Student Competition Finalists

1 Development of field techniques for collection and disinfection of bison semen

S. E. Pezo, T. Shury, K. Rajapaksha, R. Enns, M. Anzar and G. P. Adams

2 Association between sperm metabolites and field fertility in beef bulls

S. R. Roberts, A. B. Lonas, E. A. Hessock, S. R. Campagna, S. E. Moorey and S. M. Zoca

3 ID2 is not required for bovine blastocyst formation

I. Flores-Borobia, L. González-Brusi, P. Ramos-Ibeas and P. Bermejo-álvarez

4 Tetraploid complementation and embryo aggregation improve development and quality of heterospecific SCNT yak embryos

M. Yauri Felipe, V. Alberio, V. Gorleri, C. Irala and D. F. Salamone

5 Characterization of plasmatic extracellular vesicles during pregnancy in beef cattle

M. C. Lopez-Duarte, D. Heredia, M. Venturini, J. Infante, B. L. Catussi, A. Maderal, F. Tarnonsky and A. Gonella

6 Relationships of phototextural characteristics of ovine presumptive zygotes to their developmental potential in vitro

J. Bartlewski, N. Zorzan Oliveira, S. Kakar, K. Fryc, M. Murawski, B. Ahmadi and P. Bartlewski

Case Reports and Field Data

7 Current status of embryo production in domestic farm animals in Mexico

S. Romo

8 New techniques for small ruminant embryo evaluation and selection in routine practice

C. Hayden, C. E. Wells and R. Killingsworth

9 First pregnancies from in vitro-produced sheep embryos at high altitude in the Peruvian highlands

C. Pantoja Aliaga, D. Ponce-Salazar, M. Miguel-Gonzales, W. Bermúdez, E. Morales and C. R. Youngs

10 New insights to sire influence on embryo health: evaluating embryo morphokinetic activity in top TPI Holstein bulls

R. Killingsworth, C. Hayden, M. Rae and C. Wells

11 Does pregnancy status affect cumulus–oocyte complex recovery and embryo production in cycling Girolando heifers?

M. M. Soares, G. P. Cadima, N. S. Reis, L. S. Fernandes, A. M. Sousa, J. R. Santos and R. M. Santos

12 A paradoxical response to different presentations of progesterone in buffaloes in fixed-time insemination programs

C. Navarro, A. Bandeo, J. A. Berdugo, W. Cardona-Maya, P. Ponce, N. Vallejos, G. A. Crudeli, P. Maldona-Vargas and J. L. Konrad

13 Donor age effects on embryo morphokinetics in Holstein cattle: insights into prepubertal embryo development

K. Johansen, R. Killingsworth, C. Hayden, M. Rea and C. Wells

14 Multidimensional imaging of in vitro-produced bovine embryos: preliminary data

A.-S. Fries and C. Wrenzycki

15 Effect of superovulation protocol on number and oocyte quality retrieved by ovum pickup technique in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

W. Huanca, V. Cornelio, L. Auqui, I. Huaman, N. Silva, N. Enrriquez, A. Sanchez, A. Cordero and J. C. Villanueva

16 Genetic contribution of the female to embryo development in dairy cattle

B. Chasi, M. Schmitt, M. M. Herlihy, J. B. Cole, F. Peñagaricano, M. Wiltbank and M. S. Ortega

Cloning/Nuclear Transfer

17 Identification of somatic cell populations in cryopreserved equine semen as a source of donor nuclei for somatic cloning: preliminary results

B. Ramos, A. A. Rodríguez, A. M. Rosales, A. J. Montiel and J. E. Hernández

18 Epigenetic makeup of cloned buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa

T. Gupta, N. L. Selokar and M. K. Singh

19 CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing for generation of cloned goat embryos with enhanced pashmina fiber-producing potential

A. A. Malik, R. A. Shah, S. Magray, S. Hilal, M. Dar, N. Handoo, Y. Farooq, N. Assad, S. Nazir and S. M. Andrabi

20 Comparative efficacy of conventional cloning and handmade cloning

R. Su, M. Sorgog, S. Bai, F. Ding, L. Li and M. Herrid

21 Functional and structural characterization of equine clone placentas with regards to foal outcome

E. Muñoz, M. Estrade, M. Soriano, J. Rivière, M. Vilotte, N. Mucci and P. Chavatte-Palmer

22 Lowered morphokinetic activity in early somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos derived from cytokine-supplemented oocytes

R. Blocher, T. Patrick, J. Jacobson, Y. Liu and I. A. Polejaeva

23 Improving SCNT development in pigs by blastomere exchange

F. A. Allegroni, M. Yauri Felipe, L. D. Ratner, R. Fernandez-Martin and D. F. Salamone

Companion CANDES

24 Investigating pregnancy diagnosis methods in scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah)

J. Gillis, P. Pennington and L. Penfold

25 Comparative expression of specific microRNAs between domestic cat blastocysts cultured with and without the zona pellucida on Days 8 and 10 of in vitro development

C. Zapata-Rojas, D. Saéz-Ruiz, F. Ovidio Castro, L. Rodríguez-Alvarez and D. Veraguas-Dávila

26 The role of granulosa cells and extracellular vesicles in the acquisition of oocyte competence in the southern white rhinoceros

E. Ruggeri, K. Klohonatz, N. G. Menjivar, A. Gad and D. Tesfaye

27 Estrus synchronization in the southern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum simum)

B. Durrant, E. Ruggeri, C. Young, N. Ravida, S. Sandmaier, J. VanKempen and J. Capiro

28 Successful production of kangaroo ICSI embryos

P. D. Palacios, R. J. Gurkin, Y. Campbell, J. Zhao, T. Pini, S. Johnston and A. Gambini

29 Application of assisted reproductive technologies for eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) conservation

D. M. Chen, C. K. Kouba, S. S. Lampert, L. Chen, S. C. Mathes and A. J. Kouba

30 Development of hormone therapy and cryopreservation techniques for the genetic management of spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)

D. M. Chen, C. K. Kouba, S. S. Lampert, L. Chen, S. A. Shablin and A. J. Kouba

31 Compounds enhancing American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) sperm activation: beneficial effects of bovine serum albumin and caffeine

R. E. Naranjo, A. J. Kouba, T. L. Roth and C. K. Kouba

32 Bovine serum albumin improves anuran sperm motility and mitochondrial vesicle stability during cold storage

M. K. Roy, R. E. Naranjo, J. A. Dill, A. J. Kouba and C. K. Kouba

Cryopreservation/Cryobiology

33 Post-thaw evaluation of in vivo- and in vitro-derived bovine embryos

S. Hickerson, J. Looman and J. Gibbons

34 The KVS direct transfer system for vitrified-warmed bovine embryos provides an effective alternative to the traditional slow-freeze method

K. Momozawa, H. Nabenishi and M. Nagano

35 Impact of two-dimensional carbons on the viability of porcine cumulus–oocyte complexes during cryopreservation

P. Ferré-Pujol, I. Ortiz-Anaya and Y. Nishina

36 Morphodynamics of isosmotic warming of vitrified in vitro-produced bovine embryos

I. Ionazzi, M. Barcelo-Fimbres, J. L. Altermatt and L. F. Campos-Chillon

37 Investigation of semen collection and cryopreservation techniques in the caracal (Caracal caracal)

A. Miller, J. L. Barnes and L. M. Vansandt

38 Novel method of vitrification and warming techniques for canine mature oocytes and early pregnancy confirmation

K. Ji, K. Park, H. Choi, D. Kim, J. Yoon and M. Kim

39 Role of antifreeze protein type I in feline ovarian tissue cryopreservation

L. F. L. Correia, N. O. Rocha, G. P. L. Lessa, R. F. Braga and J. M. G. Souza-Fabjan

40 Coenzyme Q10 supplementation enhanced dairy goat sperm motility, viability, and acrosome integrity after cooling and cryopreservation

A. R. Moawad, R. Narlagiri, R. Kolikapongu, C. Henry, S. Miller, B. Kouakou, M. Singh, A. M. Shahat, N. C. Whitley and I. A. Polejaeva

41 Effect of photobiomodulation in blastocysts post-vitrification

H. Culler, I. Zarzaca, V. Mueller, C. Elgarresta, M. J. Hersom and C. M. Checura

42 Effect of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) on the cryosurvival of canine epididymal spermatozoa

J. Linn, P. Puri, T. Samuel and G. Wirtu

43 Boosting boar fertility: the impact of glutathione on Kolbroek sperm parameters

L. D. Sehlabela, M. L. Mphaphathi, T. R. Netshirovha and T. L. Nedambale

44 Boar epididymal semen variability in the sperm cryotolerance after cooling in 18°C at various holding times

M. A. Thema, M. L. Mphaphathi, M. D. Sebopela, M. R. Ledwaba and N. R. Mkhize

45 Ultra-rapid freezing yields a higher cryoresistance than conventional-slow freezing of epididymal guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) spermatozoa

D. A. Galarza, C. A. Hernández, A. J. Salinas and J. M. Duma

46 Morphometric evaluation of cattle immature and matured oocytes pre- and post-cryopreservation

M. D. Sebopela, M. A. Thema, M. R. Ledwaba, G. Van der Horst, L. Maree, N. R. Mkhize and M. L. Mphaphathi

Developmental Biology

47 Comparative transcriptome analysis of embryos from beef oocyte donors fed endophyte-infected tall fescue

A. M. Sallam, J. M. G. Takashe, R. A. C. Rabel, M. B. Wheeler and C. U. Braz

48 Derivation and characterization of sheep endometrial organoids

I. M. Saadeldin, M. AlThubyani, M. Rajab, G. Matic, F. Almohanna and A. M. Assiri

49 Transcript profiles of blastocysts produced from oocytes matured in fluid from preovulatory follicles of varied maturity

E. A. Hessock, A. E. Stokes, H. M. Clark, J. L. Edwards, R. R. Payton, J. E. Beever, T. F. Freeman, F. N. Schrick and S. E. Moorey

50 Ploidy correction during pre-implantation development of bovine triploid embryos

A. Bakhtari, R. Zhao, J. Liu, Y. Su, K. Bielski and X. Tian

51 Targeted PTPN11 deletion in mice granulosa cells revealed the importance of SHP2 for female fertility

M. Idrees, C. D. Perera, S. Ullah, Z. Haider, M. T. Khan, P. Song and I.-K. Kong

52 Determining changes in blood transcriptome during pregnancy in the cow

P. G. van Helvoort, M. Duijn and M. B. Rabaglino

53 Investigating the improvement of bull in vitro fertility through seminal plasma extracellular vesicles

M. Nõmm, A. Viljaste-Seera and Ü. Jaakma

54 Assessment of the viability of four morphokinetic categories of blastocysts: Preliminary results

A. de Paula Reis, D. Le Bourhis, V. Cotil, S. Lancelin, L. Le Berre, S. Lacaze, M. Verachten, G. Crozet, V. Duranthon and P. Salvetti

55 Relationship between genomic estimated breeding values for single blastomeres and the corresponding calves derived from in vitro-produced embryos in Japanese Black cattle

H. Yoshioka, N. Sasago, K. Uchiyama, K. Yoshinari, S. Miyashita, Y. Yamamoto, C. Ota, S. Kanda, M. Takeda, K. Ichinoseki, T. Kojima and S. Matoba

56 Effects of fetal bovine serum-derived extracellular vesicles on expression of lipid metabolism-related miRNA in oocytes during in vitro maturation

P. Assis Ferraz, A. Bridi, F. Schneberger, J. R. Quirino Oliveira, L. Calixto Munhoz, L. C. Zoccal Janini and C. L. Verde Leal

57 Nanoplastics are taken up by the oocyte and delay embryo development

J. Yang, J. H. Kamstra, J. Legler and H. Aardema

58 Effects of inhibition of endocytosis in cumulus cells viability, maturation rates, and embryo development of bovine oocytes

T. H. C. De Bem, M. A. Almeida, C. A. de Souza, H. F. Saraiva, M. B. R. Alves, F. V. Meirelles and J. C. da Silveira

59 The relationship between flush feeding on placenta characteristics and lamb birth and weaning weights in Dohne merino sheep

M. S. Mokoena, A. Maqhashu, K. M. Sibande, E. D. Cason, K. H. Salamane, B. N. L. Matayise and L. P. Kruger

60 The RNA m6A landscape in bovine oocytes and pre-implantation embryo development

R. Iyyappan, Y. Niu, C. Zong and Z. Jiang

61 The role of CIDEA and dynamics of lipid droplets in bovine embryo development

C. K. Wu and S. H. Cheong

62 Triploid complementation: a potential alternative approach to its tetraploid counterpart

R. Zhao, A. Bakhtari, J. Liu and X. Tian

63 Use of noninvasive screening methods to estimate the developmental competence of bovine oocytes following in vitro fertilization

D. J. Smith, Z. H. Seekford, G. C. Lamb and K. G. Pohler

64 Impact of cleavage morphokinetics on blastocyst development

G. Schettini, A. Walsh, M. Marrella, M. Kaps, J. Miles, M. Rhoads, A. Snider and F. Biase

65 Deciphering the dialogue between the bovine blastocyst and the uterus: comparison of extracellular vesicle proteins from an ex vivo model and an in vivo environment

R. Mazzarella, J. M. Sánchez, S. Guisado Egido, M. McDonald, A. Álvarez-Barrientos, E. González, J. M. Falcón-Pérez, M. Azkargorta, F. Elortza, M. Encina González, P. Lonergan, D. Rizos and B. Fernandez-Fuertes

66 Effect of sex in bovine twin production by blastomere separation and zona-free embryo culture

C. Irala, M. Yauri Felipe, V. Gorleri, G. La Motta, V. Alberio, F. Allegroni, R. Fernández-Martín and D. F. Salamone

67 Relationships of circulating and preovulatory follicular fluid hydrogen peroxide level with body condition score and metabolome profiles in lactating beef cows

K. S. Hill, J. L. Edwards, R. R. Payton, F. N. Schrick, S. R. Campagna, E. A. Hessock and S. E. Moorey

68 Lipopolysaccharide in follicular fluid of mares: effects on progesterone levels, cytokine expression, and oocyte developmental competence

M. Hedia, J. L. M. R. Leroy, D. Angel-Velez, A. Fernández-Montoro, K. Chiers, A. Van Soom and K. Smits

69 Cellular differentiation and apoptosis of in vitro-produced Bos indicus embryos is affected by oxidative stress

R. A. Reis, K. Annes, L. H. Silva, A. M. Oliveira and M. J. Sudano

70 Alterations in miRNA and tRNA-derived fragment expression during bovine conceptus elongation

G. L. Murphy, A. K. Goldkamp, M. J. A. Lopes, N. F. F. Bonmann, M. C. Lucy, D. E. Hagen and J. G. N. Moraes

71 Identifying PRDM family members potentially involved in epigenetic reprogramming after fertilization in porcine embryos

T. Montgomery, K. Uh, R. Prather and K. Lee

72 Reconstructing bovine embryos following individual blastomere reduction

G. N. Scatolin, A. E. Ynsaurralde-Rivolta and Z. Jiang

73 Comparative analysis of gene expression and transposable elements dynamics in bovine early embryos across different conditions

G. Li and E. Duan

74 Impact of tetraploid complementation on trophectoderm and inner cell mass in hybrid (Bubalus bubalis × Bos taurus) and bovine embryos

V. Gorleri, M. Felipe Yauri, C. I. Gil, V. Alberio and D. F. Salamone

Early Pregnancy

75 Impact of microplastics on porcine endometrial barrier integrity, functional receptivity, and maternal-embryo interaction

S. Arcuri, G. Pennarossa, E. Orini, F. Gandolfi and T. A. L. Brevini

76 Can serum pregnancy-specific protein B concentration be used to accurately diagnose early pregnancy in dairy cattle with a single sample from days 18 to 24 post-AI?

I. M. R. Leão, F. P. J. da Silva Jr., L. G.Wichman, D. Ponce-Aguilar, K. O. Skillin, L. J. Montiel-Olguin, J. Branen and J. P. N. Martins

77 Essential amino acid supplementation on bovine trophectoderm: potential strategies to mitigate pregnancy loss in dairy cattle

B. Castro, F. Sosa, S. I. Arriola Apelo and M. S. Ortega

78 Pregnancy association glycoproteins for assessment of pregnancy status in IVF embryo recipients

R. Paiva, P. Ross and K. Pohler

79 A single intrauterine infusion of flunixin meglumine on gestational day 29 results in pregnancy loss in beef cows

B. D. Poliakiwski, D. J. Smith, O. Polanco, M. Muntari, Z. K. Seekford, G. C. Lamb and K. G. Pohler

80 The role of maternal progesterone in embryonic attachment and pregnancy loss in cows

F. P. J. da Silva Junior, E. G. Kidwell, C. G. Hubbard, A. C. Gaines, J. P. N. Andrade and R. R. Domingues

Educational Tools

81 Swimming upstream: teaching resilience and research skills through sperm biology and “fail forward” learning

H. Weiner

82 Advancing embryo evaluation: generative artificial intelligence to assess embryos in routine embryotransfer practice

C. Wells, C. Hayden, M. Rea and R. Killingsworth

Embryo Culture

83 L-Carnitine improves the bioenergetic profile of bovine embryos regardless of the protein source

H. Habermann, J. P. Kurzella, F. Rings, E. Tholen, M. Hoelker and E. Held-Hoelker

84 Improvement in blastocyst formation in vitro following exposure to cell-penetrating antioxidants at the morula stage

M. Anzar, R. Kosala, J. Singh and F. Eudes

85 Effects of WNT-inhibition and activin A on in vitro development and pluripotency markers of bovine haploid parthenogenetic embryos

L. Aguila, F. Perez, R. Castillo, M. E. Arias and R. Felmer

86 Effects of growth factors in N2B27 basal medium on porcine embryonic development and lineage segregation

D. W. Kim, K. H. Choi, D. K. Lee, J. S. Jeong, Y. L. Ahn, S. J. Lee, J. M. Kang, B. S. Choo and C. K. Lee

87 Pharmacological inhibition of the AKT pathway during the late stages of bovine embryo culture: Underlying mechanisms of actions

M. El-Sheikh, A. A. Mesalam, S. H. Lee, S. E. Lee, S.-Y. Hyeon, S. Park and I.-K. Kong

88 Effect of culture medium on the development of mouse and cattle embryos

D. Rieger, K. Flynn, N. G. Menjivar and D. Tesfaye

89 Transcriptomic difference of in vitro-produced male and female early embryos in bovine

M. Shi, G. Li, H. Araujo, A. Lee, J. Zhang, S. H. Cheong and J. E. Duan

90 Effect of sediment from spontaneously immortalized oviduct epithelial cells on the development and fertility of bovine OPU-IVF embryos

H. Tsukahara, N. Miyashita, Y. Hirao, R. Obinata, K. Hazano, M. Tani and A. Shirasawa

91 Haptoglobin addition during in vitro culture influences gene expression related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in bovine embryos

K. Cañón-Beltrán, Y. N. Cajas, A. Gutierrez-Adán, F. A. García-Vázquez, M. J. Izquierdo-Rico and D. Rizos

92 Altering carbohydrates during embryo culture affects quality and gene expression of the resulting blastocysts

K. Lockhart, M. Rubessa, S. Gebremedhn, E. Natera, B. Krueger, R. L. Krisher and P. Rodriguez-Villamil

93 Supplementation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid to the in vitro culture medium: effects on the development rate and cryopreservability of bovine embryos

M. Schreiber, J. Kurzella, F. Rings, E. Held-Hoelker and M. Hoelker

94 Oleic acid dose-dependently compensates for the negative effect of saturated stearic acid on early bovine embryos

K. Nieuwland, B. M. Gadella, P. L. A. M. Vos, C. H. Y. Oei and H. Aardema

95 Impact of reducing in vitro fertilization period on cleavage and blastocyst development rates

S. S. Layek, S. Doultani, K. B. Raval, S. P. Patil, S. Raj, K. Karuppanasamy and K. R. Jaiswar

96 Hyaluronan in transfer medium: is it able to support growth of bovine embryos while transported for field embryo transfer?

B. N. Saripadiya, S. Doultani, S. S. Layek, K. B. Raval, S. P. Patil, K. Karuppanasamy, K. K. Hadiya, M. F. Ali and A. Praveen

97 Interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor modify embryonic disc composition in post-hatching bovine blastocysts

M. A. Oliver and A. D. Ealy

98 Interleukin-11 supplementation alters the composition of in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts

A. B. Pollock, M. A. Oliver and A. D. Ealy

99 Including extracellular vesicles from follicular fluid of competent oocytes during in vitro maturation improves blastocyst yield in cattle

R. Esposito, F. Piscopo, L. Masiello, D. De Felice, A. L. Consiglio, E. Capra, M. Holker and B. Gasparrini

100 Morphokinetic features of in vitro-produced equine embryos during fertilization and in early development observed with time-lapse monitoring

M. Scaglia, M. Barandalla, S. Colleoni, A. Peri, G. Lazzari and C. Galli

101 Use of decellularized extracellular matrix as scaffold to create a three-dimensional endometrium

E. R. Martinez, A. E. S. Viana, G. A. Ferronato, T. Oshiro and M. A. M. M. Ferraz

102 Expression pattern of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 in bovine oocytes and embryos

C. M. Marriott, T. Patrick, I. V. Perisse, I. A. Polejaeva and Y. Liu

103 Evaluating the IFN-t content in extracellular vesicles released by bovine embryos produced in vitro in the blastocyst stage

I. Martinez-Hormaza, K. L. Barra, J. Cabezas, D. Camaano, L. Méndez, B. Ibáñez, F. O. Castro and L. Rodriguez-Alvarez

104 Differences in genes representation in extracellular vesicles according to bovine embryo quality

D. Caamáño, J. Cabezas, Y. S. Wong, I. Martinez, F. O. Castro and L. l. Rodriguez-Álvarez

105 Generation of bovine oviductal organoids with apical-out polarity

B. Dunn, M. Meyers, R. Thompson, D. Tesfaye and F. Hollinshead

106 Efficiency of an in-house developed medium for bovine in vitro embryo production

S. Doultani, S. S. Layek, Y. Sjunnesson, K. Karuppanasamy, S. P. Patil, K. B. Raval, M. F. Ali, A. Praveen and L. B. George

107 Mitigation of bovine oocyte aging through NMN supplementation during in vitro maturation

A. C. Carrillo Gomez, F. Correa Monsalve, J. Velásquez Vasquez, V. Torres, M. Duque Rodriguez and R. Urrego

108 Developmental potential and morphokinetics of in vitro-produced bovine embryos generated from oocytes of varying quality

H. E. Braun, A. Gad and J. P. Barfield

Embryo Manipulation

109 Evaluating bovine embryo developmental competence to establish pregnancy using noninvasive RNA-seq and morphological analysis

S. A. Khan, N. Mtango, K. Jiang, J. Betthauser, S. Plummer, M. Campbell, B. Brett, G. Ricon, R. L. Krisher and S. R. Rajput

Embryo Transfer

110 Corpus luteum characterization after embryo removal using the B mode and color Doppler ultrasound in alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

A. Yáñez, A. I. Arrayás, U. H. Perez, A. M. López, E. Y. Torres and J. M. Palomino

111 Effect of dominant follicle size on the form and function of the corpus luteum in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

A. I. Arrayás, A. Yáñez, U. H. Perez, A. M. López, E. Y. Torres and J. M. Palomino

112 Effect of electrical field during thawing of in vitro-produced bovine embryos cryopreserved for direct transfer

H. Álvarez-Gallardo, D. Urbán-Duarte, A. Velázquez-Roque, M. E. Kjelland and S. Romo-García

113 Embryo transfer using Inteli-Straws with a wireless cloud-based data acquisition and management tool

M. E. Kjelland, H. Álvarez-Gallardo, V. A. Rubio-Santillanes, S. Romo, C. Peña, N. Eagon, T. Grayand T. K. Stroud

114 Effects of in vitro embryo production on the epigenomic profiles of day 15 bovine conceptus

T. Behrens, J. Balasubramanian, J. Secher, M. Ivask, H. Kadarmideen and M. Rabaglino

115 The use of an electronic cloud-based estrus detection device to determine estrus in Girolando cross-bred recipients

R. Anderson-Bush, E. A. Bangert, D. Vandever, J. Jackson, W. Jackson and M. B. Wheeler

116 Anti-Mullerian hormone in selecting donors for ovum pickup in cattle: generating a cutoff using ROC analysis

P. Sharma, S. S. Layek, K. K. Hadiya, S. P. Patil, S. Doultani, K. B. Raval and K. Karuppanasamy

117 Did embryo transfer improve dairy fertility during the recent warming?

H. Nabenishi, N. Nozaki, S. Ochi and T. Sasaki

118 Micro magnetic resonance spectroscopy for noninvasive metabolic assessment of individual bovine embryos

G. Sivelli, S. Bitetti, G. Gruet, K. Marable and M. Grisi

119 Effect of GnRH treatment at the time of embryo transfer on pregnancy rate and embryo/fetal losses in recipient cows

J. Sola, E. Ponte, M. Camaño, A. Tribulo and G. Bó

120 Juvenile in vitro fertilization embryo transfer in seasonal pasture-based dairy systems

E. M. Murphy, L. Thompson, M. McDonald, R. C. Doyle, T. Silva, L. Bell, S. Chaubal, M. Creek, M. M. Herlihy, E. Parra, X. Torruella, V. Huuskonen, F. Randi, P. Lonergan and S. T. Butler

121 Relationship between human and computer vision-based assessments of luteal blood perfusion in embryo transfer recipients

L. Melo Goncalves, G. Ragozoni Chiconato, S. Burato, A. Carvalho Alves and P. L. P. Fontes

122 Pregnancy rates, pregnancy losses, and calving rates in Bos indicus heifers used as embryo recipients and synchronized with a GnRH-based or an estradiol-based protocol

J. Pesantez, A. V. Cedeño, L. Pinargote, G. Romero and G. A. Bó

123 Pregnancy and calving rates in lactating Bos indicus × Bos taurus dairy recipient cows synchronized with two protocols with lengthened proestrus

A. V. Cedeño, F. Paucar, L. Pinargote, G. Romero and G. A. Bó

Epidemiology/Diseases

124 Seroprevalence characterization of porcine follicular fluid from adult sows and prepubertal gilts

J. Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, A. Juan, A. M. Masegosa-Domínguez, L. Sarrias, A. A. Vreeman, G. Pastor, A. Martínez, R. Romar and P. Coy

125 Toward a new recategorization for pathogen risk transmission via in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced embryos: an international survey to facilitate the recategorization mission

H. de Mori, G. Perry and L. Briand-Amirat

126 Uncovering the metabolomic fingerprint of metritis in dairy buffalo: preliminary results

M. A. Kosior, M. T. Verde, A. Staropoli, F. Piscopo, R. Esposito, L. Masiello, D. De Felice, F. Vinale and B. Gasparrini

Fertilization/ICSI/Activation

127 Extracellular vesicles from regions of turkeys’ oviduct inhibit sperm motility without significant effect on sperm viability

M. Rubilar, D. Caamaño, L. Méndez, Y. S. Wong, I. Martínez, E. Inostrosa, L. L. Rodríguez-Alvarez and F. O. Castro

128 Time of sperm pre-incubation affects fertilization rates after standard IVF with frozen-thawed semen in the horse

M. Felix and K. Hinrichs

129 In vitro embryo production using a sperm separation device: effects of culture system and sperm concentration

M. Xavier, M. Peixer, L. Oliveira, L. Martins, O. Faria, R. Andrade and J. Viana

130 Comparative analysis of fertilization success between intracytoplasmic sperm injection and conventional in vitro fertilization in equine reproduction

M. G. Souza, S. R. Teague, M. L. Martin, R. L. Beck and R. E. Martinez

131 Embryo production after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using stallion semen refrozen in different extenders

L. F. C. Brito, M. R. Felix, E. V. M. Andino and K. Hinrichs

132 Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in early bovine embryos promotes their developmental competence in vitro

A. Miyamoto, D. Ma, M. A. Marey, I. Akthar, K. Kusama, K. Imakawa and M. Shimada

133 Cleavage rates after bovine IVF are affected by relative abundance of sperm phospholipase C zeta 1

R. Gonzalez-Castro, C. Porflidt, J. Bartfield and E. Carnevale

134 Consequences of two major mutations for Jersey bull fertility on fertilization and early embryo development

F. Sosa, H. A. Pacheco, E. A. Galvan, B. Chasi, E. Moreno, B. Castro, F. Peñagaricano and M. S. Ortega

135 Vortex-based thawing of pelleted frozen porcine semen prepared for IVF: a CASA and flow cytometry analysis

B. R. Susmilch and F. A. Diaz

136 Effect of laser-induced sperm membrane damage on preimplantation development of horse ICSI embryos

J. M. Smith, P. D. Palacios, R. J. Gurkin, Y. Alrauji, J. Zhao and A. Gambini

Folliculogenesis/Oogenesis

137 Effects of lysophosphatidic acid on follicle development in mouse ovaries

R. Kanazawa, N. Shomura, N. Shibuki, M. Hayakawa, K. Morii, K. Sato, M. Yamanaka, J. Watanabe, J. Kobayashi, K. Kawamura and M. Yokoo

138 Heat-induced hyperthermia affects the periovulatory follicular fluid metabolome in lactating dairy cows

R. R. Payton, S. E. Moorey, S. R. Campagna, F. N. Schrick, K. G. Pohler and J. L. Edwards

139 Transcriptome analysis of mouse embryos developed from in vitro follicle culture-derived oocytes provides insights into transcriptional dysregulation at the cleavage stage

A. Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh, Q. Cao, M. Sharma and E. J. Grow

140 Evaluation of the use of injectable progesterone for presynchronization of ovulation in fixed-time artificial insemination programs in water buffaloes

C. Navarro, A. Bandeo, J. A. Berdugo, P. Ponce, N. Vallejos, G. A. Crudeli, P. Maldonado-Vargas and J. L. Konrad

141 Antioxidant approach to mitigate the impact of thermal stress on bovine granulosa cell function

G. G. Ramirez, A. Gad, N. G. Menjivar and D. Tesfaye

142 Effect of three ovulation inducers in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

A. I. Huaman, J. C. Villanueva, L. Auqui, N. Enrriquez, A. Sanchez, V. Cornelio, N. Silva, A. Cordero and W. Huanca

143 Impact of higher estrus-associated temperatures and mounting activity on the periovulatory follicular fluid metabolome in beef heifers

P. Fioravanti, S. E. Moorey, I. E. Batey, M. D. Mills, K. S. Hill, A. Pollock, R. R. Payton, E. Hessock, F. N. Schrick, S. R. Campagna, M. A. O’Neil and J. L. Edwards

144 A decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold for creating an in vitro ovary

Y. Franko, E. Ribes Martinez and M. Ferraz

145 Altered microRNA profiles in aged human follicular fluid extracellular vesicles reflect response to oxidative stress

H. M. Rogers, A. Gad, N. G. Menjivar, G. K. Cork, W. B. Schoolcraft, Y. Yuan and D. Tesfaye

146 Relationship between preovulatory follicle maturity and the follicular fluid metabolome

M. A. Kuzniar, J. L. Edwards, R. R. Payton, S. M. Zoca, S. R. Campagna, Q. Sarumi, E. A. Hessock, F. N. Schrick and S. E. Moorey

147 Proteomic insights into the maturing follicle: a study of growing equine follicles

S. P. Marchio, H. El-Sheikh Ali, K. E. Scoggin, C. B. Fernandes, A. Claes and Y. L. Boakari

148 Inhibin immunotherapy as a resource to increase affordability and embryo production in superovulation protocols

S. Romo-Domínguez, S. Romo-García, R. Alonso, A. Gayosso and V. Ramírez

149 Responses of bovine ovarian preantral follicles to FSH in vitro and in vivo

A. J. Morton, T. de Castro, L. F. Lanzon, M. S. El Azzi, M. C. Wiltbank and A. C. Denicol

Genetic Engineering

150 Enhancing specificity of gene editing outcomes by using Cas9 variants in swine embryos

J. Kim, J. Yoon, J. Chen, H. Lee, B. Redel, R. Prather and K. Lee

151 Assessing the efficiency of cytosine base editors targeting MYO7A in bovine embryos

J. Ryu, R. Tippner Hedges, C. Hanna, J. V. Brigande, M. Neuringer and J. D. Henebold

152 Evaluation of different transfection methods for the generation of gene-edited bovine embryos

L. R. Porto-Neto, X. Du and A. Quinn

153 Cas9-expressing cattle using all-in-one CRISPR/Cas9 for bovine genome editing

D.-H. Kwon, G.-M. Gim, S.-Y. Yum, K.-H. Eom, S.-J. Lee, S.-E. Han, W.-S. Lee, W.-J. Choi, J.-H. Lee, D.-J. Jung, D.-H. Kim, J.-K. Yi, B. Moon, W.-Y. Lee and G. Jang

154 Gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 of in vivo- and in vitro-derived bovine zygotes by electroporation

M. Rahimi, D. Miskel, F. Rings, E. Held-Hoelker, V. Havlicek, U. Besenfelder and M. Hoelker

155 Effect of PAG7 ablation on matrix remodeling markers in the bovine endometrium

E. Moreno, K. G. Pohler and M. S. Ortega

Male Physiology

156 Somatic cell lysis influences protamine 1 mRNA abundance in stallion frozen-thawed sperm

V. Vigolo, R. Ertl, M. Kaps and C. Aurich

157 Chemical profiling of testicular parenchyma in rams using an exploration of echointensity bands and a novelcomputer algorithm (r-Algo) increasing precision and accuracy of echotextural analyses: a sequel

P. M. Bartlewski, J. Bartlewski, I. Farid, N. Hamid and B. Ahmadi

158 Characterization of the extent and composition of the bull reproductive microbiome

S. Retherford, K. L. Woodruff, D. K. Dittoe and J. Block

159 Epididymal sperm and epididymosomes interaction before in vitro fertilization modulates sperm fertility potential in cattle

M. B. R. Alves, A. B. B. Moura, M. A. de Almeida, L. G. Haupenthal, R. B. Rangel, J. C. da Silveira and F. Perecin

160 Sarda ram management throughout the reproductive season significantly affects their body condition score and metabolic status

F. D. Sotgiu, C. Caporali, A. Spezzigu, M. Sini, A. Mattu, V. Pasciu, F. Mossa, P. M. Bartlewski and F. Berlinguer

161 Proteomics analysis of buffalo ejaculates having slow, normal, and fast nondirectional motile sperm

K. N. Bansal, P. Kumar, D. Jhamb and M. Gaur

162 Effects of methionine supplementation on seminal plasma miRNAs and proteome in sheep

J. Townsend and H. Khatib

163 Sperm small noncoding RNA biomarkers associated with ram fertility

M. Bodu, M. Hitit and E. Memili

164 Comparison of different concentrations of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and epididymis semen recovery periodon post-slaughter bull sperm parameters after storage at 5°C for 120 h

N. C. Negota, M. R. Ledwaba, E. Bhebhe, T. L. Nedambale and M. L. Mphaphathi

165 The effect of different extenders and storage period on sperm quality of Nguni bulls semen equilibrated at 5°C

M. R. Ledwaba, M. L. Mphaphathi, M. A. Thema, M. D. Sebopela, N. C. Negota, M. M. Seshoka, T. C. Chokoe and H. A. O’Neill

166 Use of ECM-based three-dimensional scaffolds for stimulating bovine spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic division in vitro

F. Di Filippo, G. Pennarossa, T. A. L. Brevini and F. Gandolfi

167 A decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel promotes the development of vascularized testicular spheroids

N. Grechi, G. Ferronato and M. Ferraz

168 Proteomic profiling and functional annotation of indigenous Zulu ram seminal plasma

K. P. M. Lekola, M. H. Mapeka and K. C. Lehloenya

169 L-Carnitine dietary supplementation improved the quality of dairy goat semen collected during the breeding season

C. Henry, R. Narlagiri, R. Kolikapongu, A. Miller, B. Kouakou, M. Singh, A. M. Shahat, N. C. Whitley, I. A. Polejaeva and A. R. Moawad

170 Impact of L-carnitine dietary supplementation on the quality of ram semen collected during the non-breeding season

J. Jordan, N. C. Whitley, J. Fareed, R. Narlagiri, R. Kolikapongu, T. Odom, D. Brown, T. Ramsey, A. M. Shahat, M. Singh, B. Kouakou, I. A. Polejaeva and A. R. Moawad

171 Association between Angus bulls breeding soundness exam classification and expected progeny differences

A. Lonas, S. Roberts, T. Rowan, L. Strickland and S. Zoca

Estrus Synchronization/Artificial Insemination

172 Treatment with recombinant bovine somatotropin increases serum IGF-1 after timed artificial insemination but does not improve ovulation rate or subsequent pregnancy outcomes in Nelore cows

L. Bera, F. Souza, R. Goncalves, L. Siqueira, C. Fernandes and J. Viana

173 Association between follicular characteristics and ovulatory response to the last GnRH of the Double Ovsynch and pregnancy per AI in first service Holstein multiparous cows

I. M. R. Leão, T. Valdes-Arciniega, E. Anta-Galvan, M. S. El Azzi and J. P. N. Martins

174 Pregnancy per AI in grazing suckled beef cows subjected to estradiol salts- or GnRH-based fixed-time AI protocols

L. Ferré, J. Jaeschke, N. Cerviño, B. Salom, N. Formia, R. Rearte, M. Kjelland, M. Colazo, J. Thomas and L. de la Sota

175 The effect of cetrorelix on follicular dynamics and ovulation in beef cattle in high versus low progesterone milieu

D. R. Farmer, G. P. Adams, C. E. P. Leonardi, K. V. Waeckerlin and J. Singh

Oocyte Collection

176 Oocyte quality assessed by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining recovery by ovum pickup in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

V. H. Cornelio, N. Silva, L. Auqui, I. Huaman, J. C. Villanueva, N. Enrriquez and W. Huanca

177 Periparturient olive oil supplementation increases oocyte yield in dairy cows

F. Piscopo, B. Gasparrini, R. Van Halderen, J. F. Brouwers, J. Van den Broek, H. T. A. Van Tol, P. L. A. M. Vos and H. Aardema

178 The effects of heat stress on the number of ovarian follicles in the dairy cow

S. Kanzawa, E. O’Meara, B. J. Funnell, C. U. Braz, E. A. Bangert, F. C. Cardoso and M. B. Wheeler

179 Oocyte recovery and maturation rates in Estonian sport horses

E. Tsopp, A. Viljaste-Seera, A. Gambini, A. Kavak and A. Reilent

180 Ovarian response to FSH and eCG at super-stimulation treatment for retrieval oocytes by laparoscopic ovum pickup in alpacas

J. A. Landinez-Aponte, R. Stott, N. Merril, J. Cisneros, S. Pierce, Y. Liu, M. Joo and Z. Wang

181 Age-related changes in oocyte yield and embryonic development in light horse mares

R. E. Martinez, M. G. Souza, S. R. Teague and R. L. Beck

182 Comparison of blastocyst rates by month in a commercial equine TVA/ICSI program

E. A. Bradecamp, M. R. Schnobrich, C. F. Scoggin, P. Sheerin, S. Walbornn, A. Barhorst, A. Buchanan, T. Ramsey, A. Sheerin and C. Howard

183 Effects of feeding nonstructural carbohydrates on the metabolic function of oocytes and granulosa cells in older mares

G. D. Catandi, K. J. Fresa, R. A. Gonzalez-Castro, M. Cheng, T. W. Chen, A. J. Chicco and E. M. Carnevale

Oocyte Maturation

184 GDF9 mitigates LPS-induced negative effects during bovine oocyte maturation

D. Scarlet, I. Serbetci, M. Kowalewski and H. Bollwein

185 Ultrastructure of staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis) oocytes following spawning and fertilization

L. Penfold, P. M. Maya, J. Gillis and K. Kelley

186 A step toward understanding direct impacts of a higher estrus-associated temperature: transcript-level changes in cumulus–oocyte complexes directly exposed to acute elevated temperature

J. L. Klabnik, J. E. Beever, R. R. Payton, K. H. Lamour, F. N. Schrick and J. L. Edwards

187 Effect of Lactobacillus-conditioned medium supplemented during in vitro maturation of bovine COCs on mRNA expression patterns in cumulus cells

O. Granacher, B. Zimmer, B. Rabenau, A.-S. Fries, C. Gabler and C. Wrenzycki

188 Influence of duration of in vitro maturation in relation to COC morphology on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of wood bison oocytes

E. M. Pioltine, G. P. Adams, G. F. Mastromonaco, K. Rajapaksha and J. Singh

189 In vitro prematuration of summer bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes in winter follicular fluid increases oocyte competence and changes cumulus cell microRNA profile

G. Etchandy, B. Barcelona, M. J. Benítez-Galeano, Z. Ramos, C. Viñoles, N. Rodríguez-Osorio and F. Báez

190 Evaluation of the toxicity of different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol cryoprotectantson immature cattle oocytes selected by Brilliant cresyl blue stain and subsequent to polar body extrusion

M. L. Mphaphathi, M. R. Ledwaba, M. D. Sebopela, M. A. Thema, T. L. Mashilo, H. A. O’Neill and T. L. Nedambale

191 Effect of different concentrations of eugenol in maturation medium on the maturation, oxidative status, and developmental competence of porcine oocytes

Q. Lin, N. Torigoe, B. Liu, M. Nagahara, F. Tanihara and T. Otoi

192 Effect of L-carnitine and resveratrol supplementation to the maturation medium on in vitro bovine embryo production

D. A. Galarza, A. Quezada-Capelo, L. Amay-Zatama and J. X. Samaniego

193 Extracellular vesicles coupled miRNAs modulate bovine oocyte response to thermal stress

A. Gad, N. G. Menjivar and D. Tesfaye

194 Methionine and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation influence bovine oocyte quality during in vitro maturation

A. P. Snider, L. A. Rempel, J. R. Miles, R. A. Cushman and M. S. Crouse

195 Vasoconstriction induced by ergot alkaloids affects oocyte developmental capacity in pregnant sheep

C. Elgarresta, V. Mueller, I. Zarzaca, H. Culler, S. K. Duckett, J. L. Klotz, M. J. Hersom and C. M. Checura

196 The association of dibutyryl cAMP and sildenafil on meiotic arrest of bovine oocytes

P. H. dos Santos, F. S. dos Santos, P. A. Ferraz, J. R. Q. Oliveira, H. F. R. A. Saraiva, F. V. Meirelles, L. C. Smith and C. L. V. Leal

197 Influence of cumulus cell morphology on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation markers of equine oocytes

S. B. Cousseau, T. Adams, M. Mitchell, M. Sansineña and C. Pinto

198 Assessment of biphasic CAPA-IVM for improving equine oocyte quality and developmental potential

M. Fakhar-I-Adil, D. A. Velez, Q. A. Amin, M. Hedia, B. Menten, A. Van Soom, K. Smits and B. Heindryckx

199 Effects of stem cell factor on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent development following in vitro fertilization

J. D. Yoon, S. Mony, E. Kiesewetter, R. Sullivan, J. Kim, B. Redel, K. Uh, R. S. Prather and K. Lee

200 Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development

D. Beal, L. Watkins, M. Williams, Y. Liu, R. Blocher, T. Patrick, I. Bunderson, A. R. Moawad and I. A. Polejaeva

201 Transcriptional profiling of cumulus cells from FGF, LIF, and IGF1 matured oocytes identifies junctional and structural pathways as key components in oocyte maturation

C. Green, A. Jaworski, K. Lee, R. S. Prather and B. K. Redel

202 Effects of fatty acid binding protein in the maturation medium of bovine oocytes on in vitro development

J. Looman, S. Hickerson and J. Gibbons

Periconceptional/Fetal Programming

203 Effects of prenatal heat stress on subsequent reproductive outcomes in replacement Holstein heifers up to the first lactation

I. Cuevas-Gómez, J. Lozano, D. Rizos and J. M. Sánchez

204 Rumen-protected methionine modulates plasma and follicular fluid metabolites of beef cows

D. Heredia, J. C. Dias Zucoloto, W. Teixeira Zucoloto, T. Dias Zucoloto, J. L. Infante Cangrejo, D. Luchini, A. Gonella-Diaza and C. M. Bertam Membrive

Stem Cells

205 Establishment of bovine extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells

H. Ming, G. N. Scatolin, R. Iyyappan and Z. L. Jiang

206 Evaluation of two in vitro models as a possible platform for research on mare endometrosis

S. Rodriguez, L. Mendez, Y. S. Wong, B. Ibañez, F. Navarrete, F. Saravia, D. Rojas, C. Escudero, L. L. Rodríguez-Alvarez and F. O. Castro

207 One injection, one calf: control of metritis using umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in livestock

V. Verma, S. Ghai, S. Saini, P. Kumar, S. Chopra, P. Pilania, S. Kumar, S. Kumar and D. Malakar

208 Preliminary evaluation in equine endometrial explants with grade IIA and IIB endometrosis of the antifibrotic effect of adipose or endometrial stem cells pre-conditioned with PGE2

L. Mendez, S. Rodriguez, B. Ibañez, F. Navarrete, F. Saravia, Y. S. Wong, J. Cabezas, L. L. Rodríguez and F. O. Castro

Superstimulation

209 Ovarian stimulation with FSH in low AMH heifers increases ovarian response and oocyte developmental competence in a dose-limited manner

J. C. L. Motta, R. V. Sala, V. A. Absalon-Medina, V. C. Fricke, P. J. Ross, J. F. Moreno and A. Garcia-Guerra

210 Potential predictors of ovarian responses and embryo yields in lactating Sarda ewes superovulated in a 4-day declining-dose PLUSET protocol

C. Caporali, A. Spezzigu, M. Sini, F. Sotgiu, V. Pasciu, A. Mattu, C. Costantino, S. Succu, F. Mossa, P. M. Bartlewski and F. Berlinguer

211 Dose determination and distribution of a human recombinant FSH (rhFSH) to superovulate beef cattle in synthetic breeds (Bos indicus × Bos taurus)

E. Ponte, J. Sola, A. Tribulo, P. Tribulo, D. Beltramo, J. Oviedo, R. Tribulo, H. Tribulo and G. Bo

Undergraduate Poster Competition Finalists

212 Equine IVF and ICSI can benefit from microfluidics-based sperm selection

I. Tirado-Perez, S. Martin-Pelaez, A. Kartasheva, K. Takahashi, S. Meyers, P. Dini and A. De la Fuente

213 The efficacy of sericin in feline IVF and parthenogenesis and its potential in jaguar cloning

J. Velasquez Vasquez, F. Correa Monsalve, A. Carrillo Gomez, M. F. Yauri, F. Allegroni, O. H. Velasquez Arboleda, R. Urrego, A. J. Sestelo, R. Fernandez-Martín, D. F. Salamone and M. Duque Rodriguez

214 Impact of bovine serum albumin concentrations on morphology of Fowler’s toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) sperm during short-term storage

J. A. Dill, M. K. Roy, R. E. Naranjo, C. K. Kouba and A. J. Kouba