Plant cell walls: the skeleton of the plant world
Monika S. Doblin A , Filomena Pettolino A and Antony Bacic A B CA Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
B Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: abacic@unimelb.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 37(5) 357-381 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP09279
Submitted: 16 November 2009 Accepted: 2 February 2010 Published: 30 April 2010
Abstract
Plants are our major source of renewable biomass. Since cell walls represent some 50% of this biomass, they are major targets for biotechnology. Major drivers are their potential as a renewable source of energy as transport fuels (biofuels), functional foods to improve human health and as a source of raw materials to generate building blocks for industrial processes (biobased industries). To achieve sustainable development, we must optimise plant production and utilisation and this will require a complete understanding of wall structure and function at the molecular/biochemical level. This overview summarises the current state of knowledge in relation to the synthesis and assembly of the wall polysaccharides (i.e. the genes and gene families encoding the polysaccharide synthases and glycosyltransferases (GlyTs)), the predominant macromolecular components. We also touch on an exciting emerging role of the cell wall–plasma membrane–cytoskeleton continuum as a signal perception and transduction pathway allowing plant growth regulation in response to endogenous and exogenous cues.
Additional keywords: cell wall–plasma membrane–cytoskeleton continuum, glycosyltransferase, polysaccharide structure and biosynthesis, synthase.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the generous support of the Australia Research Council (current grant ARC LP0989478) and Grains Research and Development Corporation over many years and more recently the Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation Flagship Collaborative Research Program, provided to the High Fibre Grains Cluster via the Food Futures Flagship, that has enabled us to pursue research, fundamental and strategic, into wall structure and function.
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