Relative phytotoxicity of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) residues on the seedling growth of a range of Australian native and introduced species
Boyang Shi A B C and Steve Adkins A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
B Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: bo.shi@uqconnect.edu.au
Crop and Pasture Science 69(8) 837-845 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP18012
Submitted: 10 January 2018 Accepted: 15 June 2018 Published: 10 July 2018
Abstract
The invasive herbaceous species Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as parthenium weed has rapidly become a significant weed in more than 30 countries. Parthenium weed litter taken from the introduced biotypes was relatively more phytotoxic than that taken from biotypes coming from the native range when tested on lettuce and this may indicate one reason for invasion success. However, no significant difference was observed in phytotoxicity to lettuce seedling growth when two Australian biotypes of parthenium weed were compared, one invasive and one non-invasive, indicating that invasiveness was not associated with litter phytotoxicity in all cases. Residue from the invasive parthenium weed biotype had a greater phytotoxic effect upon Australian native pasture grass species relative to the introduced pasture grass species with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) and bull Mitchell grass (Astreble sequarrosa C.E.Hubb) showing the greatest tolerance to parthenium weed phytochemicals. When compared with residue taken from plants that has a range of phytotoxic capacity, parthenium weed residue was considered to be only moderately phytotoxic suggesting that the phytotoxicity of its residue may not be the main reason for the plants invasive trait.
Additional keywords: invasion, pasture grasses, weed biotypes.
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