Cold-water pollution impacts on two ‘warm-water’ riverine fish: interactions of dam size and life-history requirements
John D. Koehn
A B * , Charles R. Todd A and Henry Wootton A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, PO Box 137, Heidelberg, Vic. 3084, Australia.
B Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.
Marine and Freshwater Research 74(13) 1154-1170 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF23023
Submitted: 2 February 2023 Accepted: 17 July 2023 Published: 9 August 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Temperature regulates most ecological processes in freshwater ecosystems. Anthropogenic changes to natural thermal regimes, especially cold water released from stratified impoundments (cold-water pollution, CWP), is a widespread and major threat to fish populations globally.
Aims: Because mitigation options for CWP are often expensive, we aimed to provide robust ecological evidence to inform expenditure.
Methods: We modelled population responses to CWP remediation for two warm-water fish species (Murray cod and golden perch) downstream of two impoundments (Copeton and Pindari dams) in the semi-arid northern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia.
Key results: Predicted populations of both species were severely affected by CWP at both sites; however, impacts were species- and site-specific. Effects were greater on golden perch than Murray cod because of their higher temperature requirements for spawning. Predicted spawning opportunities decreased by 77–100% for golden perch and by 38–92% for Murray cod. The larger Copeton Dam had greater impacts than did the smaller Pindari Dam.
Conclusions: Remediation of CWP can help restore populations and meeting the needs of golden perch may benefit a range of other species.
Implications: Globally, CWP is a serious threat to warm-water fishes that may compromise and even nullify other restoration efforts. However, restoration may be impeded by current low abundances, angler harvest and restrictions to fish passage.
Keywords: Australia, golden perch, Murray cod, Murray–Darling Basin, population modelling, river flows, river restoration, semi-arid rivers.
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