Investigating microplastic contamination and biomagnification in a remote area of South Australia
Solomon O. Ogunola
A * , Patrick Reis-Santos A , Nina Wootton A and Bronwyn M. Gillanders A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Marine and Freshwater Research 74(11) 917-927 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF22236
Submitted: 2 November 2022 Accepted: 2 May 2023 Published: 8 June 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Microplastics are widespread in aquatic ecosystems and are commonly recorded in water, sediment and a broad spectrum of marine biota. Yet, the extent to which organisms ingest microplastics directly or indirectly by trophic transfer is largely unknown.
Aims: This study characterises microplastic abundance across intertidal water, sediment, and marine biota species of different trophic levels, and investigates whether biomagnification occurs.
Methods: Water, sediment, molluscs, crustaceans and fish were sampled from a single area in southern Australia.
Key results: Microplastics were recorded in 35% of water, 45% of sediment and 39% of biota samples. Plastic load was 0.36 ± 0.08 microplastics g−1 DW for sediment, 0.50 ± 0.17 microplastics L−1 for water, and 0.70 ± 0.25 microplastics individual−1 for biota. Biomagnification was not found, although similarities in plastic characteristics across biota may imply trophic transfer. Most of the microplastics were fibres (97.5%) of blue, black and transparent colour. Spectral analysis (μ-FTIR) indicated that polyester (50%) and polyethylene (42.3%) dominated the polymer compositions.
Conclusions: There were no significant differences in microplastic contamination among biota species, with no biomagnification identified.
Implications: We provide information on biomagnification of microplastics alongside a still uncommon characterisation of contamination in water, sediment and biota.
Keywords: biomagnification, biota, contamination, marine debris, microplastic, plastic pollution, southern hemisphere, trophic transfer.
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