Register      Login
Marine and Freshwater Research Marine and Freshwater Research Society
Advances in the aquatic sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Finding lobsters: investigating a period of unusually low settlement of Panulirus cygnus by using larval dispersal modelling

Jessica Kolbusz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-451X A * , Charitha Pattiaratchi A , Sarath Wijeratne A , Tim Langlois B and Simon de Lestang C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Oceans Graduate School and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

B School of Biological Sciences and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

C Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, WA 6025, Australia.

* Correspondence to: jessica.kolbusz@uwa.edu.au

Handling Editor: Brendan Kelaher

Marine and Freshwater Research 74(1) 20-38 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF22117
Submitted: 9 June 2022  Accepted: 29 September 2022   Published: 15 November 2022

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context: Spiny lobsters are critically affected by ocean current movements over their long journey from hatching to swimming post-larvae (puerulus).

Methods: Isolating three different larval stages of the Western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus), we have applied three-dimensional larval-dispersal modelling techniques

Aims: To better understand a period of unusually low puerulus settlement in the late 2000s.

Key results: Model results showed that transport mechanisms assisting pueruli in reaching nearshore habitats may have been inhibited by a strengthening of the southward-flowing Leeuwin Current over the austral summer at the settlement stage. As a result, modelled pueruli were transported significantly less northward, in some cases southward, during and after the period of unusually low settlement. Hatching-stage trajectories also suggest increased dispersal off the coast during 2007 and 2008, transporting modelled larvae further offshore and possibly contributing to decreased recruits into the fishery.

Conclusions: Our study distinguishes the influence that ocean circulation patterns off Western Australia have on three different larval stages.

Implications: Larval dispersal modelling of pueruli, therefore, provides a possible explanation for the changes in puerulus settlement over the past two decades and future considerations.

Keywords: Capes Current, fisheries, larval dispersal, Leeuwin Current, Panulirus cygnus, particle tracking, puerulus, settlement patterns, western rock lobster.


References

Anderson, MJ (2001). A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26, 32–46.

Anderson MJ, Gorley RN, Clarke KR (2008) ‘PERMANOVA for PRIMER: Guide to Software and Statistical Methods.’ (PRIMER-E: Plymouth, UK)

Andrews, JC (1977). Eddy structure and the West Australian current. Deep-Sea Research 24, 1133–1148.
Eddy structure and the West Australian current.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Benthuysen, J, Feng, M, and Zhong, L (2014). Spatial patterns of warming off Western Australia during the 2011 Ningaloo Niño: quantifying impacts of remote and local forcing. Continental Shelf Research 91, 232–246.
Spatial patterns of warming off Western Australia during the 2011 Ningaloo Niño: quantifying impacts of remote and local forcing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Boening, C, Willis, JK, Landerer, FW, Nerem, RS, and Fasullo, J (2012). The 2011 La Niña: so strong, the oceans fell. Geophysical Research Letters 39, 1–5.
The 2011 La Niña: so strong, the oceans fell.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Booth, J, and Phillips, B (1994). Early life history of spiny lobster. Crustaceana 66, 295–317.
Early life history of spiny lobster.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Braine SJ, Rimmer DW, Phillips BF (1979) An illustrated key and notes on the phyllosoma stages of the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus George. Report 102. (CSIRO Division of Fisheries and Oceanography: Sydney, NSW, Australia) Available at http://www.cmar.csiro.au/e-print/open/CMReport_102.pdf

Briones-Fourzán, P, Candela, J, and Lozano-Álvarez, E (2008). Postlarval settlement of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus along the Caribbean coast of Mexico: patterns, influence of physical factors, and possible sources of origin. Limnology and Oceanography 53, 970–985.
Postlarval settlement of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus along the Caribbean coast of Mexico: patterns, influence of physical factors, and possible sources of origin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Brown R (2009) ‘Western Rock Lobster Low Puerulus Settlement Risk Assessment Workshop’, 1–2 April 2009, Perth, WA, Australia. Fisheries Occasional Publication number 71. (Department of Fisheries: Perth, WA, Australia)

Butler, M, Paris, C, Goldstein, J, Matsuda, H, and Cowen, R (2011). Behavior constrains the dispersal of long-lived spiny lobster larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 422, 223–237.
Behavior constrains the dispersal of long-lived spiny lobster larvae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Caputi, N (2008). Impact of the Leeuwin Current on the spatial distribution of the puerulus settlement of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) and implications for the fishery of Western Australia. Fisheries Oceanography 17, 147–152.
Impact of the Leeuwin Current on the spatial distribution of the puerulus settlement of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) and implications for the fishery of Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Caputi, N, and Brown, R (1993). The effect of environment on puerulus settlement of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) in Western Australia. Fisheries Oceanography 2, 1–10.
The effect of environment on puerulus settlement of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Caputi, N, Chubb, C, and Pearce, A (2001). Environmental effects on recruitment of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus. Marine and Freshwater Research 52, 1167–1174.
Environmental effects on recruitment of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Caputi, N, Feng, M, Denham, A, de Lestang, S, Penn, J, Slawinski, D, Pearce, A, and How, J (2018). Optimising an oceanographic-larval model for assessment of the puerulus settlement of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, in Western Australia. Bulletin of Marine Science 94, 775–800.
Optimising an oceanographic-larval model for assessment of the puerulus settlement of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cetina-Heredia, P, Roughan, M, van Sebille, E, Feng, M, and Coleman, MA (2015). Strengthened currents override the effect of warming on lobster larval dispersal and survival. Global Change Biology 21, 4377–4386.
Strengthened currents override the effect of warming on lobster larval dispersal and survival.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cetina-Heredia, P, Roughan, M, van Sebille, E, Keating, S, and Brassington, GB (2019). Retention and leakage of water by mesoscale eddies in the East Australian Current system. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 124, 2485–2500.
Retention and leakage of water by mesoscale eddies in the East Australian Current system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chiswell, S, and Booth, J (2008). Sources and sinks of larval settlement in Jasus edwardsii around New Zealand: where do larvae come from and where do they go? Marine Ecology Progress Series 354, 201–217.
Sources and sinks of larval settlement in Jasus edwardsii around New Zealand: where do larvae come from and where do they go?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chiswell, SM, Wilkin, J, Booth, JD, and Stanton, B (2003). Trans-Tasman Sea larval transport: Is Australia a source for New Zealand rock lobsters? Marine Ecology Progress Series 247, 173–182.
Trans-Tasman Sea larval transport: Is Australia a source for New Zealand rock lobsters?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chittleborough, RG, and Thomas, LR (1969). Larval ecology of the Western Australian Marine Crayfish, with notes upon other panulirid larvae from the Eastern Indian Ocean. Marine and Freshwater Research 20, 199–223.
Larval ecology of the Western Australian Marine Crayfish, with notes upon other panulirid larvae from the Eastern Indian Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Clavel-Henry, M, Solé, J, Kristiansen, T, Bahamon, N, Rotllant, G, and Company, JB (2020). Modeled buoyancy of eggs and larvae of the deep-sea shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. PLoS ONE 15, e0223396.
Modeled buoyancy of eggs and larvae of the deep-sea shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cosoli, S, Pattiaratchi, C, and Hetzel, Y (2020). High-frequency radar observations of surface circulation features along the south-western australian coast. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, 97.
High-frequency radar observations of surface circulation features along the south-western australian coast.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cowen, RK, and Sponaugle, S (2009). Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity. Annual Review of Marine Science 1, 443–466.
Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cresswell, GR, Boland, FM, Peterson, JL, and Wells, GS (1989). Continental shelf currents near the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 40, 113–128.
Continental shelf currents near the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

de Lestang S, Caputi N, How J, Melville-Smith R, Thomson A, Stephenson P (2012) Stock assessment for the west coast rock lobster fishery. Fisheries Research Report 217, Department of Fisheries, Western Australia.

de Lestang, S, Caputi, N, Feng, M, Denham, A, Penn, J, Slawinski, D, Pearce, A, and How, J (2015). What caused seven consecutive years of low puerulus settlement in the western rock lobster fishery of Western Australia? ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, 49–58.
What caused seven consecutive years of low puerulus settlement in the western rock lobster fishery of Western Australia?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Espinosa-Magaña, AF, Briones-Fourzán, P, Jeffs, A, and Lozano-Álvarez, E (2018). Energy cost of the onshore transport of postlarvae of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Bulletin of Marine Science 94, 801–819.
Energy cost of the onshore transport of postlarvae of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Everett, JD, van Sebille, E, Taylor, MD, Suthers, IM, Setio, C, Cetina-Heredia, P, and Smith, JA (2017). Dispersal of Eastern King Prawn larvae in a western boundary current: new insights from particle tracking. Fisheries Oceanography 26, 513–525.
Dispersal of Eastern King Prawn larvae in a western boundary current: new insights from particle tracking.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fang, F, and Morrow, R (2003). Evolution, movement and decay of warm-core Leeuwin Current eddies. Deep-Sea Research – II. Topical Studies in Oceanography 50, 2245–2261.
Evolution, movement and decay of warm-core Leeuwin Current eddies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Feng, M, Meyers, G, Pearce, A, and Wijffels, S (2003). Annual and interannual variations of the Leeuwin Current at 32°S. Journal of Geophysical Research 108, 19–39.
Annual and interannual variations of the Leeuwin Current at 32°S.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Feng, M, Wijffels, S, Godfrey, S, and Meyers, G (2005). Do eddies play a role in the momentum balance of the Leeuwin Current? Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, 964–975.
Do eddies play a role in the momentum balance of the Leeuwin Current?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Feng, M, Slawinski, D, Beckley, LE, and Keesing, JK (2010). Retention and dispersal of shelf waters influenced by interactions of ocean boundary current and coastal geography. Marine and Freshwater Research 61, 1259–1267.
Retention and dispersal of shelf waters influenced by interactions of ocean boundary current and coastal geography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Feng, M, Caputi, N, Penn, J, Slawinski, D, de Lestang, S, Weller, E, and Pearce, A (2011). Ocean circulation, stokes drift, and connectivity of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) population. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, 1182–1196.
Ocean circulation, stokes drift, and connectivity of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) population.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fitzgibbon, QP, Jeffs, AG, and Battaglene, SC (2014). The Achilles heel for spiny lobsters: the energetics of the non-feeding post-larval stage. Fish and Fisheries 15, 312–326.
The Achilles heel for spiny lobsters: the energetics of the non-feeding post-larval stage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gersbach, GH, Pattiaratchi, CB, Ivey, GN, and Cresswell, GR (1999). Upwelling on the south-west coast of Australia: source of the Capes Current. Continental Shelf Research 19, 363–400.
Upwelling on the south-west coast of Australia: source of the Capes Current.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Goldstein, J, and Butler, MJ (2009). Behavioral enhancement of onshore transport by postlarval Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). Limnology and Oceanography 54, 1669–1678.
Behavioral enhancement of onshore transport by postlarval Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Greenwood, JE, Feng, M, and Waite, AM (2007). A one-dimensional simulation of biological production in two contrasting mesoscale eddies in the south eastern Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Research – II. Topical Studies in Oceanography 54, 1029–1044.
A one-dimensional simulation of biological production in two contrasting mesoscale eddies in the south eastern Indian Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Griffin, DA, Wilkin, JL, Chubb, CF, Pearce, AF, and Caputi, N (2001). Ocean currents and the larval phase of Australian western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus. Marine and Freshwater Research 52, 1187–1199.
Ocean currents and the larval phase of Australian western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hamon, BV (1965). Geostrophic currents in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 16, 255–271.
Geostrophic currents in the southeastern Indian Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hawkins, S, Allcock, A, Bates, A, Firth, L, Smith, I, Swearer, S, and Todd, P (2019). Oceanography and Marine Biology: Preface. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 57, 325–356.

Hill, AE, Brown, J, and Fernand, L (1996). The western Irish Sea gyre: a retention system for Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus)? Oceanologica Acta 19, 357–368.

Hinojosa, IA, Green, BS, Gardner, C, Hesse, J, Stanley, JA, and Jeffs, AG (2016). Reef sound as an orientation cue for shoreward migration by pueruli of the rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii. PLoS ONE 11, e0157862.
Reef sound as an orientation cue for shoreward migration by pueruli of the rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hinojosa, IA, Gardner, C, Green, BS, Jeffs, A, Leon, R, and Linnane, A (2017). Differing environmental drivers of settlement across the range of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) suggest resilience of the fishery to climate change. Fisheries Oceanography 26, 49–64.
Differing environmental drivers of settlement across the range of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) suggest resilience of the fishery to climate change.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Huang, Z, and Feng, M (2015). Remotely sensed spatial and temporal variability of the Leeuwin Current using MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 166, 214–232.
Remotely sensed spatial and temporal variability of the Leeuwin Current using MODIS data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jeffs, AG, Montgomery, JC, and Tindle, CT (2005). How do spiny lobster post-larvae find the coast? New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39, 605–617.
How do spiny lobster post-larvae find the coast?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jones, S, Inall, M, Porter, M, Graham, JA, and Cottier, F (2020). Storm-driven across-shelf oceanic flows into coastal waters. Ocean Science 16, 389–403.
Storm-driven across-shelf oceanic flows into coastal waters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kolbusz, J, de Lestang, S, Langlois, T, and Pattiaratchi, C (2021a). Changes in Panulirus cygnus settlement along Western Australia using a long time series. Frontiers in Marine Science 8, 628912.
Changes in Panulirus cygnus settlement along Western Australia using a long time series.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kolbusz, J, Langlois, T, Pattiaratchi, C, and de Lestang, S (2021b). Using an oceanographic model to investigate the mystery of the missing puerulus. Biogeosciences 19, 517–539.
Using an oceanographic model to investigate the mystery of the missing puerulus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kvile, KØ, Romagnoni, G, Dagestad, K-F, Langangen, Ø, and Kristiansen, T (2018). Sensitivity of modelled North Sea cod larvae transport to vertical behaviour, ocean model resolution and interannual variation in ocean dynamics. ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, 2413–2424.
Sensitivity of modelled North Sea cod larvae transport to vertical behaviour, ocean model resolution and interannual variation in ocean dynamics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lemmens, JWTJ (1994). Biochemical evidence for absence of feeding in puerulus larvae of the Western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (Decapoda: Palinuridae). Marine Biology 118, 383–391.
Biochemical evidence for absence of feeding in puerulus larvae of the Western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (Decapoda: Palinuridae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lett, C, Verley, P, Mullon, C, Parada, C, Brochier, T, Penven, P, and Blanke, B (2008). A Lagrangian tool for modelling ichthyoplankton dynamics. Environmental Modelling & Software 23, 1210–1214.
A Lagrangian tool for modelling ichthyoplankton dynamics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Liddy, GC, Phillips, BF, and Maguire, GB (2004). Effects of temperature and food density on the survival and growth of early stage phyllosoma of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus. Aquaculture 242, 207–215.
Effects of temperature and food density on the survival and growth of early stage phyllosoma of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Linnane, A, Gardner, C, Hobday, D, Punt, A, McGarvey, R, Feenstra, J, Matthews, J, and Green, B (2010). Evidence of large-scale spatial declines in recruitment patterns of southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii, across south-eastern Australia. Fisheries Research 105, 163–171.
Evidence of large-scale spatial declines in recruitment patterns of southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii, across south-eastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Melville-Smith, R, De Lestang, S, and Thomson, AW (2009). Spatial and temporal changes in egg production in the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) fishery. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43, 151–161.
Spatial and temporal changes in egg production in the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) fishery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Meuleners, MJ, Ivey, GN, and Pattiaratchi, CB (2008). A numerical study of the eddying characteristics of the Leeuwin Current System. Deep-Sea Research – I. Oceanographic Research Papers 55, 261–276.
A numerical study of the eddying characteristics of the Leeuwin Current System.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Moore, TS, Matear, RJ, Marra, J, and Clementson, L (2007). Phytoplankton variability off the Western Australian Coast: mesoscale eddies and their role in cross-shelf exchange. Deep-Sea Research – II. Topical Studies in Oceanography 54, 943–960.
Phytoplankton variability off the Western Australian Coast: mesoscale eddies and their role in cross-shelf exchange.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mullaney, TJ, and Suthers, IM (2013). Entrainment and retention of the coastal larval fish assemblage by a short-lived, submesoscale, frontal eddy of the East Australian Current. Limnology and Oceanography 58, 1546–1556.
Entrainment and retention of the coastal larval fish assemblage by a short-lived, submesoscale, frontal eddy of the East Australian Current.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nolasco, R, Gomes, I, Peteiro, L, Albuquerque, R, Luna, T, Dubert, J, Swearer, SE, and Queiroga, H (2018). Independent estimates of marine population connectivity are more concordant when accounting for uncertainties in larval origins. Scientific Reports 8, 2641.
Independent estimates of marine population connectivity are more concordant when accounting for uncertainties in larval origins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Paris C, Vaz A, Helgers J, Wood S, Ross R (2017) Connectivity Modeling System User’s Guide. Available at https://github.com/beatrixparis/connectivity-modeling-system/blob/master/User-Guide-v2.pdf

Pattiaratchi, C, and Buchan, S (1991). Implications of long-term climate change for the Leeuwin Current. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 74, 133–140.

Pattiaratchi C, Hetzel Y (2020) Sea surface temperature variability: state and trends of Australia’s oceans report. Integrated Marine Observing System, Hobart, Tas., Australia.

Pattiaratchi C, Siji P (2020) Variability in ocean currents around Australia: State and trends of Australia’s oceans report. Integrated Marine Observing System.

Pattiaratchi, C, and Woo, M (2009). The mean state of the Leeuwin Current system between North West Cape and Cape Leeuwin. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 92, 221–241.

Pattiaratchi, C, Hegge, B, Gould, J, and Eliot, I (1997). Impact of sea-breeze activity on nearshore and foreshore processes in southwestern Australia. Continental Shelf Research 17, 1539–1560.
Impact of sea-breeze activity on nearshore and foreshore processes in southwestern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pearce, AF (1991). Eastern boundary currents of the southern hemisphere. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 74, 35–45.

Pearce, AF, and Griffiths, RW (1991). The mesoscale structure of the Leeuwin Current: a comparison of laboratory models and satellite imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 16739–16757.
The mesoscale structure of the Leeuwin Current: a comparison of laboratory models and satellite imagery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pearce, A, and Pattiaratchi, C (1999). The Capes Current: a summer countercurrent flowing past Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia. Continental Shelf Research 19, 401–420.
The Capes Current: a summer countercurrent flowing past Cape Leeuwin and Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pearce, AF, and Phillips, BF (1988). Enso events, the leeuwin current, and larval recruitment of the western rock lobster. ICES Journal of Marine Science 45, 13–21.
Enso events, the leeuwin current, and larval recruitment of the western rock lobster.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Peliz, A, Marchesiello, P, Dubert, J, Marta-Almeida, M, Roy, C, and Queiroga, H (2007). A study of crab larvae dispersal on the Western Iberian Shelf: physical processes. Journal of Marine Systems 68, 215–236.
A study of crab larvae dispersal on the Western Iberian Shelf: physical processes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Phillips, BF, and McWilliam, PS (2009). Spiny lobster development: where does successful metamorphosis to the puerulus occur? A review. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19, 193–215.
Spiny lobster development: where does successful metamorphosis to the puerulus occur? A review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Phillips, BF, and Olsen, L (1975). Swimming behaviour of the puerulus larvae of the western rock lobster. Marine and Freshwater Research 26, 415–417.
Swimming behaviour of the puerulus larvae of the western rock lobster.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Phillips, BF, Rimmer, DW, and Reid, DD (1978). Ecological investigations of the late-stage phyllosoma and puerulus larvae of the western rock lobster Panulirus longipes cygnus. Marine Biology 45, 347–357.
Ecological investigations of the late-stage phyllosoma and puerulus larvae of the western rock lobster Panulirus longipes cygnus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Phillips, BF, Brown, PA, Rimmer, DW, and Braine, SJ (1981). Description, distribution and abundance of late larval stages of the Scyllaridae (slipper lobsters) in the south-eastern Indian Ocean. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32, 417–437.
Description, distribution and abundance of late larval stages of the Scyllaridae (slipper lobsters) in the south-eastern Indian Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pires, RFT, Peliz, Á, Pan, M, and dos Santos, A (2020). ‘There and back again’ − how decapod megalopae find the way home: a modelling exercise for Pachygrapsus marmoratus. Progress in Oceanography 184, 102331.
‘There and back again’ − how decapod megalopae find the way home: a modelling exercise for Pachygrapsus marmoratus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rafiq, S, Pattiaratchi, C, and Janeković, I (2020). Dynamics of the land–sea breeze system and the surface current response in South-West Australia. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, 931.
Dynamics of the land–sea breeze system and the surface current response in South-West Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rennie, S, Pattiaratchi, C, and Mccauley, R (2007). Eddy formation through the interaction between the Leeuwin Current, Leeuwin Undercurrent and topography. Deep-Sea Research – I. Oceanographic Research Papers 54, 818–836.
Eddy formation through the interaction between the Leeuwin Current, Leeuwin Undercurrent and topography.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rimmer, DW, and Phillips, BF (1979). Diurnal migration and vertical distribution of phyllosoma larvae of the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus. Marine Biology 54, 109–124.
Diurnal migration and vertical distribution of phyllosoma larvae of the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Robson, NA, Hetzel, Y, Whiting, S, Wijeratne, S, Pattiaratchi, CB, Withers, P, and Thums, M (2017). Use of particle tracking to determine optimal release dates and locations for rehabilitated neonate sea turtles. Frontiers in Marine Science 4, 173.
Use of particle tracking to determine optimal release dates and locations for rehabilitated neonate sea turtles.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Roughan, M, Macdonald, HS, Baird, ME, and Glasby, TM (2011). Modelling coastal connectivity in a Western Boundary Current: seasonal and inter-annual variability. Deep-Sea Research – II. Topical Studies in Oceanography 58, 628–644.
Modelling coastal connectivity in a Western Boundary Current: seasonal and inter-annual variability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Saunders, MI, Thompson, PA, Jeffs, AG, Säwström, C, Sachlikidis, N, Beckley, LE, and Waite, AM (2012). Fussy feeders: phyllosoma larvae of the Western Rocklobster (Panulirus cygnus) demonstrate prey preference. PLoS ONE 7, e36580.
Fussy feeders: phyllosoma larvae of the Western Rocklobster (Panulirus cygnus) demonstrate prey preference.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Säwström, C, Beckley, LE, Saunders, MI, Thompson, PA, and Waite, AM (2014). The zooplankton prey field for rock lobster phyllosoma larvae in relation to oceanographic features of the south-eastern Indian Ocean. Journal of Plankton Research 36, 1003–1016.
The zooplankton prey field for rock lobster phyllosoma larvae in relation to oceanographic features of the south-eastern Indian Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schiller, A, Oke, PR, Brassington, G, Entel, M, Fiedler, R, Griffin, DA, and Mansbridge, JV (2008). Eddy-resolving ocean circulation in the Asian–Australian region inferred from an ocean reanalysis effort. Progress in Oceanography 76, 334–365.
Eddy-resolving ocean circulation in the Asian–Australian region inferred from an ocean reanalysis effort.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Schilling, HT, Everett, JD, Smith, JA, Stewart, J, Hughes, JM, Roughan, M, Kerry, C, and Suthers, IM (2020). Multiple spawning events promote increased larval dispersal of a predatory fish in a western boundary current. Fisheries Oceanography 29, 309–323.
Multiple spawning events promote increased larval dispersal of a predatory fish in a western boundary current.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Singh, SP, Groeneveld, JC, Hart-Davis, MG, Backeberg, BC, and Willows-Munro, S (2018). Seascape genetics of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the Western Indian Ocean: understanding how oceanographic features shape the genetic structure of species with high larval dispersal potential. Ecology and Evolution 8, 12221–12237.
Seascape genetics of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the Western Indian Ocean: understanding how oceanographic features shape the genetic structure of species with high larval dispersal potential.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Smith, RL, Huyer, A, Godfrey, S, and Church, JA (1991). The Leeuwin Current off Western Australia, 1986–1987. Journal of Physical Oceanography 21, 323–345.
The Leeuwin Current off Western Australia, 1986–1987.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Stanley, JA, Hesse, J, Hinojosa, IA, and Jeffs, AG (2015). Inducers of settlement and moulting in post-larval spiny lobster. Oecologia 178, 685–697.
Inducers of settlement and moulting in post-larval spiny lobster.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Steele, RW, and Neuheimer, AB (2022). Assessing the ability of the growing degree-day metric to explain variation in size-at-age and duration-to-moult of lobsters and crabs. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 79, 850–860.
Assessing the ability of the growing degree-day metric to explain variation in size-at-age and duration-to-moult of lobsters and crabs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Telcik, N, and Pattiaratchi, C (2014). Influence of Northwest Cloudbands on Southwest Australian Rainfall. Journal of Climatology 2014, 671394.
Influence of Northwest Cloudbands on Southwest Australian Rainfall.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

van Sebille, E, Griffies, S, Abernathey, R, Adams, T, Berloff, P, Biastoch, A, Blanke, B, Chassignet, E, Cheng, Y, Cotter, C, Deleersnijder, E, Döös, K, Drake, H, Drijfhout, S, Gary, S, Heemink, A, Kjellsson, J, Koszalka, I, Lange, M, et al. (2018). Lagrangian ocean analysis: fundamentals and practices. Ocean Modelling 121, 49–75.
Lagrangian ocean analysis: fundamentals and practices.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Waite, AM, Raes, E, Beckley, LE, Thompson, PA, Griffin, D, Saunders, M, Säwström, C, O’Rorke, R, Wang, M, Landrum, J, and Jeffs, A (2019). Production and ecosystem structure in cold-core vs. warm-core eddies: implications for the zooplankton isoscape and rock lobster larvae. Limnology and Oceanography 64, 2405–2423.
Production and ecosystem structure in cold-core vs. warm-core eddies: implications for the zooplankton isoscape and rock lobster larvae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wang, M, O’Rorke, R, Waite, AM, Beckley, LE, Thompson, P, and Jeffs, AG (2015). Condition of larvae of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) in cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies of the Leeuwin Current off Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 66, 1158–1167.
Condition of larvae of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) in cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies of the Leeuwin Current off Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wijeratne, S, Pattiaratchi, C, and Proctor, R (2018). Estimates of surface and subsurface boundary current transport around Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, 3444–3466.
Estimates of surface and subsurface boundary current transport around Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wilkin, JL, and Jeffs, AG (2011). Energetics of swimming to shore in the puerulus stage of a spiny lobster: can a postlarval lobster afford the cost of crossing the continental shelf? Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments 1, 163–175.
Energetics of swimming to shore in the puerulus stage of a spiny lobster: can a postlarval lobster afford the cost of crossing the continental shelf?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Woo, M, and Pattiaratchi, C (2008). Hydrography and water masses off the western Australian coast. Deep-Sea Research – I. Oceanographic Research Papers 55, 1090–1104.
Hydrography and water masses off the western Australian coast.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Woodings, LN, Murphy, NP, Jeffs, A, Suthers, IM, Liggins, G, and Strugnell, JM (2019). Distribution of Palinuridae and Scyllaridae phyllosoma larvae within the East Australian current: a climate change hot spot. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, 1020–1033.
Distribution of Palinuridae and Scyllaridae phyllosoma larvae within the East Australian current: a climate change hot spot.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Yeung, C, Jones, DL, Criales, MM, Jackson, TL, and Richards, WJ (2001). Influence of coastal eddies and counter-currents on the influx of spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, postlarvae into Florida Bay. Marine And Freshwater Research 52, 1217–1232.
Influence of coastal eddies and counter-currents on the influx of spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, postlarvae into Florida Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |