Contrasting population structures of freshwater atyid shrimps in Hong Kong and their conservation implications
Ka Yan Ma
A B , Lai Him Chow B , Ling Ming Tsang B , Sammy De Grave C and Ka Hou Chu B D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, PR China.
B Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
C Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
D Corresponding author. Email: kahouchu@cuhk.edu.hk
Marine and Freshwater Research 72(11) 1667-1678 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21069
Submitted: 23 February 2021 Accepted: 21 June 2021 Published: 2 August 2021
Abstract
Understanding population connectivity is crucial for effective conservation management. Schemes for speculating potential connectivity patterns over large to medium geographic scales using riverscape and life history features have been developed, but whether they are still applicable over fine scales has rarely been examined. Caridina shrimps (Family Atyidae) constitute a major component of freshwater ecosystems. Nonetheless, although over 20% of atyid species are considered Threatened or Near Threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, a general lack of understanding of the population structure of these species, which typically have restricted distributions, significantly hampers conservation management. Here, we examined the fine-scale population structure of five atyid species in Hong Kong, a highly urbanised metropolis, using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and four to six microsatellite markers. The results reveal species-specific contrasting phylogeographic patterns, ranging from wide-range genetic panmixia to population differentiation at an extremely small scale of <1 km. This pronounced population structuring may be attributed to the freshwater obligates’ limited dispersal ability, high level of inbreeding and marked demographic fluctuations associated with climate changes since the Pleistocene. The results shed new light on the evolution of this widely distributed shrimp genus and bridge the critical knowledge gap in formulating effective conservation plans.
Keywords: Caridea, conservation genetics, Decapoda, phylogeography.
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