A snapshot of reef conditions in North Ari Atoll (Maldives) following the 2016 bleaching event and Acanthaster planci outbreak
A. Caragnano
A B I , D. Basso C , S. Spezzaferri D , P. Hallock E and Conférence Universitaire de Suisse Occidentale Scientific Party
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
B Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
C CoNISMa Local Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 4, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
D Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland.
E University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
F École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Environmental Engineering Institute, Route Cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
G University of Geneva, Department of Earth Sciences, Rue des Maraîchers 13, CH205 Geneva, Switzerland.
H University of Lausanne, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, Géopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
I Corresponding author. Email: annalisacaragnano@hotmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 72(7) 987-996 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF20119
Submitted: 21 April 2020 Accepted: 30 December 2020 Published: 10 February 2021
Abstract
Coral reefs are degrading worldwide. This study explored the benthic community structure (biotic and abiotic benthic cover and coral composition) at three islands (Rasdhoo, Maayafushi and Vihamaafaru) in the central Maldivian archipelago, 2 years after the 2016 El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the associated mass-bleaching events. Hence, we assessed benthic cover on the same GPS sites and depth (10 m) of a subset of reefs that had been previously studied. The islands represent a range of management categories and oceanic influence. Average live coral cover in 2018 was lowest on Maayafushi reefs (0.65 ± 0.41%), a resort island with minimal exposure to oceanic influence. At Rasdhoo, a community island with south-eastern oceanic exposure, live coral cover was 14.70 ± 3.20% and 90% of the colonies were less than 20 cm in diameter. At Vihamaafaru, an uninhabited island with oceanic exposure from the west, reefs assessed had a live coral cover of 17.9 ± 6.80%, Acropora spp. remained the dominant taxa, and 35% of colonies were 20 cm or greater in diameter. This evident trend, in variation of live coral cover and size of the coral colonies, among the three island settings indicates the greatest potential for recovery of coral cover on reefs with more exposure to oceanic influence.
Keywords: climate change, coral cover, coral size, crown-of-thorns starfish, ENSO 2016, reef recovery.
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