Trophic ecology of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the western tropical Indian Ocean and adjacent waters
Evgeny V. Romanov A M , Natacha Nikolic B C N , Zahirah Dhurmeea D E , Nathalie Bodin E F L , Alexis Puech B , Stewart Norman G M , Stéphanie Hollanda F , Jérôme Bourjea H I , Wendy West J and Michel Potier HA CAP RUN – CITEB (Centre Technique de Recherche et de Valorisation des Milieux Aquatiques), Magasin 10 – Port Ouest, F-97420 Le Port, Île de la Réunion, France.
B Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Délégation Océan Indien, Rue Jean Bertho, BP60, F-97822 Le Port, Île de la Réunion, France.
C Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à la Réunion (ARBRE), rue des Seychelles, F-97436 Saint-Leu, Île de la Réunion, France.
D Department of Biosciences and Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
E Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité mixte de recherche MARBEC (Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation), Fishing Port, PO Box 570, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles.
F Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA), Fishing Port, PO Box 449, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles.
G The Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
H Unité mixte de recherche MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, IFREMER, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Avenue Jean Monnet, F-34200, Sète, France.
I IFREMER, Avenue Jean Monnet, F-34200 Sète, France.
J Department of Environment,Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8018, Cape Town, South Africa.
K Present address: IRD, Unités mixte de recherche MARBEC and ENTROPIE (Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien), CS 41095, 2 rue Joseph Wetzell, Parc technologique universitaire, F-97495 Sainte Clotilde Cedex, Réunion, France.
L Present address: Sustainable Ocean Seychelles (SOS), Beau Belle, Mahé, Seychelles.
M Present address: Capricorn Marine Environmental, Unit 15 Foregate Square, F. W. de Klerk Boulevard, Foreshore, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.
N Corresponding author. Email: evgeny.romanov@citeb.re
Marine and Freshwater Research 71(11) 1517-1542 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19332
Submitted: 16 October 2019 Accepted: 18 March 2020 Published: 25 May 2020
Abstract
In this study we investigated the trophic ecology of albacore tuna in the western Indian Ocean and adjacent Atlantic waters based on stomach content analysis using a reconstituted length and weight of prey approach. From 686 non-empty stomachs collected between 2001 and 2015 across three biogeographic provinces, we describe the diet composition of albacore tuna, analyse its feeding habits and investigate the structure and diversity of mid-trophic-level communities. Epipelagic fish were found to be the principal prey by number and reconstituted weight; cephalopods were the second important prey group. Small organisms prevailed in the diet of albacore tuna, with predation on juvenile fish commonplace. Albacore tuna exhibits a flexible, opportunistic feeding strategy, from ram filter feeding on abundant schooling prey to visual predation on large individuals. Prey species richness varied highly across the region. Oligotrophic conditions within the subtropical gyre of the Indian Ocean generated the most diverse mid-trophic-level communities, with less diverse communities occurring in productive areas. Albacore tuna occupies a similar trophic niche throughout the global ocean, foraging on the same prey families and even species. This study indicates overall temporal stability of the Indian Ocean and south-east Atlantic ecosystems where principal prey species remain unchanged over decades.
Additional keywords: diet, habitat, prey, reconstituted weight, South Africa, south-east Atlantic Ocean, stomach contents, western Indian Ocean.
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