Blue carbon sequestration dynamics within tropical seagrass sediments: long-term incubations for changes over climatic scales
Chee Hoe Chuan A , John Barry Gallagher
B D , Swee Theng Chew A and M. Zanuri Norlaila Binti C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah Port Bypass, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
B Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Tas 7004, Australia.
C Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
D Corresponding author. Email: john.barry@usm.my
Marine and Freshwater Research 71(8) 892-904 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19119
Submitted: 1 April 2019 Accepted: 23 January 2020 Published: 13 May 2020
Abstract
Determination of blue carbon sequestration in seagrass sediments over climatic time scales (>100 years) relies on several assumptions, including no loss of particulate organic carbon (POC) after 1–2 years, tight coupling between POC loss and CO2 emissions, no dissolution of carbonates, and removal of the recalcitrant black carbon (BC) contribution. We tested these assumptions via 500-day anoxic decomposition and mineralisation experiments to capture centennial parameter decay dynamics from two sediment horizons robustly dated as 2 and 18 years old. No loss of BC was detected, and decay of POC was best described for both horizons by near-identical reactivity continuum models. The models predicted average losses of 49 and 51% after 100 years of burial for the surface and 20–22-cm horizons respectively. However, the loss rate of POC was far greater than the release rate of CO2, even after accounting for CO2 from particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) production, possibly as siderite. The deficit could not be attributed to dissolved organic carbon or dark CO2 fixation. Instead, evidence based on δ13CO2, acidity and lack of sulfate reduction suggested methanogenesis. The results indicated the importance of centennial losses of POC and PIC precipitation and possibly methanogenesis in estimating carbon sequestration rates.
Additional keywords: carbonate, diagenesis, methane, pyrogenic carbon, sediment geochemistry, sediment isotope tomography.
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