Seasonal variations in the water quality of six tropical micro- and mesotidal estuaries along the central west coast of India
Lina L. Fernandes A B , Pratima M. Kessarkar A , Suresh Suja A , Durbar Ray A and Mithila Bhat A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
B Corresponding author. Email: lfernandes@nio.org
Marine and Freshwater Research 69(9) 1418-1431 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17181
Submitted: 15 June 2017 Accepted: 7 February 2018 Published: 30 May 2018
Abstract
Seasonal nutrient dynamics were investigated in four rivers with a microtidal range (Terekhol, Chapora, Sal and Talpona rivers) and were compared with those of two rivers with a mesotidal range (Zuari and Mandovi rivers) along the central west coast of India. Rainfall and freshwater discharge during the wet season led to salinity stratification of the water columns at the mouths of these rivers. Nutrient concentrations in all rivers were higher during the wet season than in the dry season due to considerable land run-off. Based on the estuarine mixing diagrams of the nutrients with regard to salinity, the mesotidal rivers showed greater flushing capacity and acted as corridors for the passage of nutrients between the estuary and open ocean. Conversely, of the microtidal rivers, the Terekhol and Chapora seemed to retain nutrients, whereas there was no indication of the presence of a nutrient sink or source in the Talpona River. The Sal River was eutrophic with high nutrient levels and acted as a source of phosphorus and nitrogen. Thus, the present study clearly illustrates the important role played by minor river estuaries in modifying nutrient concentrations during their transport from rivers to coastal waters and vice versa.
Additional keywords: conservative behaviour, estuarine processes, nutrients, rivers, sand bars, stratification.
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