Headwater–river gradient: trait-based approaches show functional dissimilarities among tropical fish assemblages
Rodrigo Assis de Carvalho A B E and Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Palmeiras de Goiás, Palmeiras de Goiás, Rua S-7, s/n, Setor Sul, 76190-000, Palmeiras de Goiás, GO, Brazil.
B Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado (RENAC), Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas – Henrique Santillo, BR 153, 3105 Fazenda Barreiro do Meio, 75132400, Anápolis, GO, Brazil.
C Centro de Biologia Aquática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Avenida Engler s/n, Jardim Mariliza, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74605-010, Brazil.
D Programa de Mestrado em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, UniEVANGÉLICA, Avenida Universitária quilômetro 3,5, Cidade Universitária, Anápolis, GO, CEP 75083-515, Brazil.
E Corresponding author. Email: decarvalho.ra@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 69(4) 574-584 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17149
Submitted: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 22 October 2017 Published: 18 January 2018
Abstract
Traditionally, species richness and composition of freshwater communities are expected to change according to the structural variation from headwaters to river mouth. In the present study, we hypothesised that fish functional traits will respond to this gradient, leading to functional dissimilarities between fish assemblages of headwaters and those of rivers. We addressed the following questions: (1) which functional traits are present in fish assemblages of each habitat type; (2) which environmental factors determine the occurrence of fish functional traits; and (3) how functional traits are related to each environmental variable? Our findings showed dissimilarities between fish assemblages of headwaters and those of rivers, mainly driven by channel depth, channel width, water temperature, water turbidity and concentration of dissolved oxygen, whereas altitude, water temperature and pH were mainly correlated with variation within each habitat type. These results suggested that not only do the physical variables proposed in classical theory of the river-continuum concept follow the upstream–downstream gradient in structuring the functional organisation of fish assemblages, but that also physicochemical variables, such as turbidity and concentration of dissolved oxygen, display this trend in tropical river systems. Moreover, our results have given a first perspective on what kind of fish species and fish functional traits to expect in each habitat type and, consequently, along the headwater–river mouth gradient.
Additional keywords: central Brazil, functional ecology, RLQ, river-continuum concept, Tocantins–Araguaia River basin, trait–environment relationships.
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