Scale deformity descriptions for 23 species of fish, from various geographical areas and habitats
Laith A. Jawad A F , Ana L. Ibáñez B , Zahra Sadighzadeh C , Joacim Näslund D and Erhan Ünlü E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A 4 Tinturn Place, Flat Bush, Manukau, Auckland 2016, New Zealand.
B Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa (UAMI), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, Colonia Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México.
C Marine Biology Department, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
D Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
E Dicle University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts, TR-21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
F Corresponding author. Email: laith_jawad@hotmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 69(2) 313-324 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17110
Submitted: 24 April 2017 Accepted: 21 August 2017 Published: 13 October 2017
Abstract
A renewed interest in fish scale anomalies prompted the present study, wherein we document a wide range of scale morphological abnormalities, including deformities in shape and structure, of a large number of species. In the present study, 63 cases of deformities were reported from 23 fish species collected from five countries. The abnormalities observed are discussed within the framework of contaminated aquatic environments, with a goal of recognising the cause of abnormality. Deformed scales exhibited different shapes, showing both slight (n = 52 cases) and severe (n = 9 cases) abnormalities. The scale deformations described in the present study should help direct future work on the relationships between environmental condition and fish health.
Additional keywords: Australia, Iran, Lutjanidae, Tripterygiidae, Macrouridae, Mugilidae, New Zealand, South Africa.
References
Agassiz, L. (1834). ‘Recherches sur les poisons fossils 1: XLIV.’ (Neuchâtel: Petitpierre, Paris)Almeida, D., Almodóvar, A., Nicola, G. G., and Elvira, B. (2008). Fluctuating asymmetry, abnormalities and parasitism, as indicators of environmental stress in cultured stocks of goldfish and carp. Aquaculture 279, 120–125.
| Fluctuating asymmetry, abnormalities and parasitism, as indicators of environmental stress in cultured stocks of goldfish and carp.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bengtsson, B.-E., Coombs, T. L., and Waldichuk, M. (1979). Biological variables, especially skeletal deformities in fish, for monitoring marine pollution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 286, 457–464.
| Biological variables, especially skeletal deformities in fish, for monitoring marine pollution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL3c%2FjsFaitw%3D%3D&md5=ca8919d75823580dce58b7b7666f7938CAS |
Bigler, B. (1989). Mechanism and occurrence of focal scale resorption among chum salmon, (Oncorhynchus keta) of the North Pacific Ocean. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, 1147–1153.
| Mechanism and occurrence of focal scale resorption among chum salmon, (Oncorhynchus keta) of the North Pacific Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Coburn, M. M., and Gaglione, J. I. (1992). A comparative study of percid scales (Teleostei: Perciformes). Copeia , 986–1001.
| A comparative study of percid scales (Teleostei: Perciformes).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Corrales, J., Baribeau, N. L. B., Gassman, N. J., and Scmale, C. (2000). Characterization of scale abnormalities in pinfish, Lagodon rhomboids, from Biscayne Bay, Florida. Environmental Biology of Fishes 57, 205–220.
| Characterization of scale abnormalities in pinfish, Lagodon rhomboids, from Biscayne Bay, Florida.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
DeLamater, E. D., and Courtenay, W. R. (1973). Studies on scale structure of flatfishes. I. The genus Trinectes, with notes on related forms. Proceedings of the South East Game Fish Commission 27, 591–608.
DeLamater, E. D., and Courtenay, W. R. (1974). Fish scales as seen by scanning electron microscopy. Florida Scientist 37, 141–149.
Düzbastılar, F. O., Laleli, T., Özgül, A., and Metin, G. (2015). Determining the severity of skin injuries of red mullet, Mullus barbatus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Mullidae), inflicted during escape from trawl codend. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 45, 75–83.
| Determining the severity of skin injuries of red mullet, Mullus barbatus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Mullidae), inflicted during escape from trawl codend.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hughes, D. R. (1981). Development and organization of the posterior field of ctenoid scales in Platycephalidae. Copeia 1981, 596–606.
| Development and organization of the posterior field of ctenoid scales in Platycephalidae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ibáñez, A. L., Pacheco-Almanzar, E., and Cowx, I. G. (2012). Does compensatory growth modify fish scale shape? Environmental Biology of Fishes 94, 477–482.
| Does compensatory growth modify fish scale shape?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jawad, L. A. (2005a). Comparative scale morphology and squamation patterns in triplefins (Pisces: Teleostei: Perciformes: Tripterygiidae). Tuhinga 16, 137–168.
Jawad, L. A. (2005b). Comparative morphology of scales of four teleost fishes from Sudan and Yemen. Journal of Natural History 39, 2643–2660.
| Comparative morphology of scales of four teleost fishes from Sudan and Yemen.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jawad, L. A. (2005c). Scale deformities in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Actinopterygii: Cichlidae) from Sudan. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 35, 61–63.
| Scale deformities in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Actinopterygii: Cichlidae) from Sudan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jawad, L. A. (2008). Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus Forsterygion Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae). Journal of Natural History 42, 2943–2989.
| Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus Forsterygion Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jawad, L. A., and Al-Jufaili, S. (2007). Scale morphology of greater lizardfish, Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) Pisces: Synodontidae). Journal of Fish Biology 70, 1185–1212.
| Scale morphology of greater lizardfish, Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) Pisces: Synodontidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jawad, L. A., and Al-Mamry, J. M. (2011). Scale deformities in rohu Labeo rohita (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae). Annales – Historia Naturalis 21, 167–174.
Johal, M. S., and Dua, A. (1994). SEM study of scales of freshwater snakehead, Channa punctatus (Bloch) upon exposure to endosulfan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52, 718–721.
| SEM study of scales of freshwater snakehead, Channa punctatus (Bloch) upon exposure to endosulfan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3ktlahtg%3D%3D&md5=c554e64f649321459f7ff0c52e3249feCAS |
Johal, M. S., and Tandon, K. K. (1989). Age and growth of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from Rang Mahal (Rajasthan) India. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 14, 135–150.
Kuusipalo, L. (1998). Scale morphology in Malawian cichlids. Journal of Fish Biology 52, 771–781.
| Scale morphology in Malawian cichlids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kuusipalo, L. (2000). Evolutionary inferences from the scale morphology of Malawian cichlid fishes. Advances in Ecological Research 31, 377–397.
| Evolutionary inferences from the scale morphology of Malawian cichlid fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lippitsch, E. (1990). Scale morphology and squamation patterns in cichlids (Teleostei, Perciformes). A comparative study. Journal of Fish Biology 37, 265–291.
| Scale morphology and squamation patterns in cichlids (Teleostei, Perciformes). A comparative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lippitsch, E. (1993). A phyletic study on lacustrine haplochromine fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of East Africa, based on scale and squamation characters. Journal of Fish Biology 42, 903–946.
| A phyletic study on lacustrine haplochromine fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of East Africa, based on scale and squamation characters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Meunier, F. J. (2002). Scales: description, diversity and function. In ‘Manual of Fish Sclerochronology’. (Eds J. Panfili, T. H. de Pontual, H. Troadec, and P. J. Wright.) pp. 58–64. (IFREMER, Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer: Brest, France.)
Miranda, R., and Escala, M. (2000). Morphological and biometric comparison of the scales of the barbels (Barbus Cuvier) of Spain. Journal of Morphology 245, 196–205.
| Morphological and biometric comparison of the scales of the barbels (Barbus Cuvier) of Spain.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvps1yqtQ%3D%3D&md5=7ea68e94e77bf8b6974818a9ac9e3f2eCAS |
Mookerjee, S. (1948). An atypical scale of Sciaena coiter (Hamilton). Nature 161, 64–65.
| An atypical scale of Sciaena coiter (Hamilton).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ouchi, K., Yamada, J., and Kosaka, S. (1972). On the resorption of scales and associated cells in the precocious male parr of the masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi 38, 423–430.
| On the resorption of scales and associated cells in the precocious male parr of the masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Persson, P., Björnsson, B. T., and Takagi, Y. (1999). Characterization of morphology and physiological actions of scale osteoclasts in the rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology 54, 669–684.
| Characterization of morphology and physiological actions of scale osteoclasts in the rainbow trout.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pou, M. N., and Gallego, L. (1990). Metodo para el estudio anatomico de las escamas de los osteichthyes. Revista Cientifica 7, 79–84.
Quilhac, A., and Sire, J.-Y. (1998). Restoration of the subepidermal tissues and scale regeneration after wounding a cichlid fish, Hemichromis bimaculatus. The Journal of Experimental Zoology – A 281, 305–327.
| Restoration of the subepidermal tissues and scale regeneration after wounding a cichlid fish, Hemichromis bimaculatus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rishi, K. K., and Jain, M. (1998). Effect of toxicity of cadmium on scale morphology in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 60, 323–328.
| Effect of toxicity of cadmium on scale morphology in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXpsVGguw%3D%3D&md5=faa8d5c148c34c4e211fcd7c8b06ddd5CAS |
Roberts, C. D. (1993). Comparative morphology of spined scales and their phylogenetic significance in the Teleostei. Bulletin of Marine Science 52, 60–113.
Rutkayová, J., Jawad, L., Nebesářová, J., Beneš, K., Petráškova, E., and Näslund, J. (2016). First records of scale deformities in seven freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii: Percidae and Cyprinidae) collected from three ponds in the Czech Republic. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 46, 225–238.
| First records of scale deformities in seven freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii: Percidae and Cyprinidae) collected from three ponds in the Czech Republic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sfakianakis, D. G., Katharios, P., Tsirigotakis, N., Doxa, C. K., and Kentouri, M. (2013). Lateral line deformities in wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) and sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29, 1015–1021.
| Lateral line deformities in wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) and sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sindermann, C. J. (1979). Pollution-associated diseases and abnormalities of fish and shellfish: a review. Fishery Bulletin 76, 717–749.
Sire, J.-Y., and Géraudie, J. (1983). Fine structure of the developing scale in the cichlid, Hemichromis bimaculatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Perciformes). Acta Zoologica 64, 1–8.
| Fine structure of the developing scale in the cichlid, Hemichromis bimaculatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Perciformes).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sun, P. L., Hawkins, W. E., Overstreet, R. M., and Brown-Peterson, N. J. (2009). Morphological deformities as biomarkers in fish from contaminated rivers in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6, 2307–2331.
| Morphological deformities as biomarkers in fish from contaminated rivers in Taiwan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVOiur%2FL&md5=4284b3689ad5641c8ea62ad0fa14029cCAS |
Tandon, K. K., and Johal, S. (1993). Growth parameters of an endangered fish species – golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) from Gobindsagar. In ‘Advances in Limnology’. (Ed. H. R. Singh.) pp. 207–220. (Narendra Publishing House: New Delhi, India.)
