Comparative assessment of aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in irrigated rice fields and wetlands through different spatial scales: an additive partitioning approach
Mateus Marques Pires A E , Carla Bender Kotzian B , Marcia Regina Spies C and Vanessa dos Anjos Baptista D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Escola Politécnica, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos, 950, CEP 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.
B Departamento de Biologia e Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Faixa de Camobi, kilómetro 9, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
C Universidade Federal do Pampa, Avenida Antônio Trilha, 1847, CEP 97300-000, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
D Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Batista Bonoto Sobrinho, CEP 97700-000, Santiago, RS, Brazil.
E Corresponding author. Email: marquespiresm@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(3) 368-379 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14109
Submitted: 17 April 2014 Accepted: 5 February 2015 Published: 29 June 2015
Abstract
The role of rice fields as refuges for wetland macroinvertebrates was assessed at multiple spatial scales, and macroinvertebrate diversity was compared between fields and natural wetlands. Because irrigated rice fields are highly disturbed environments, and have lower environmental complexity and heterogeneity in the irrigated phase than do wetlands, we hypothesised that the fields would sustain lower diversity than do wetlands, especially at broader spatial scales. Wetlands and rice fields from three regions in southern Brazil were simultaneously sampled. In wetlands, the broadest scale (hydrographic basin) contributed the most to macroinvertebrate diversity. In rice fields, besides hydrographic basin level, narrower scales (site level) also contributed to macroinvertebrate γ diversity. Different cultivation and management systems may be responsible for the contribution of narrower scales to γ diversity in rice fields. Differences in community structure in both environments were determined by wetland drainage practices, and they were affected by the ENSO climatic phenomenon, which influenced macrophyte diversity in wetlands. Wetland communities were characterised by macrophyte-associated, passive-dispersing taxa, whereas rice fields contained short-lived, active-dispersing macroinvertebrates. The present study demonstrated that rice fields do not represent suitable refugia for wetland-expelled macroinvertebrates because they do not support similar community structure, at least under some management practices and climatic conditions influenced by ENSO.
Additional keywords: beta-diversity, community structure, multiple spatial scales.
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