Trophic ecology of sympatric juvenile stingrays within a nursery area
A. P. B. Martins
A B E * , J. K. Matley C , M. R. Heupel B , A. T. Fisk D , A. Chin A and C. A. Simpfendorfer A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
B Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.
C Department of Aquatic Resources, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
D Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
E Present address: Integrated Fisheries Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Marine and Freshwater Research 73(5) 678-688 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21292
Submitted: 6 October 2021 Accepted: 18 December 2021 Published: 23 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
Nursery areas are crucial for many elasmobranch species, providing advantages such as increased access to prey and reduced predation risk. This study investigated the trophic interactions of two juvenile stingray species within a coastal communal nursery using stable isotope analysis. Muscle, plasma and red blood cells samples were taken from the mangrove whipray Urogymnus granulatus and the cowtail stingray Pastinachus ater, and δ15N, δ13C and δ34S measured. Urogymnus granulatus had higher mean δ13C, δ15N and δ34S than P. ater. General linear models showed no significant trends between δ13C, δ15N or δ34S and body size or sex. Low isotopic niche overlap, combined with previous data on movement patterns, provided evidence of niche partitioning between stingrays that likely reflect differences in feeding grounds and prey selection. Despite the differences in feeding grounds and prey selection, previous studies showed that U. granulatus and P. ater share sand and reef flat areas for most of the day (~20 h). δ13C and δ34S values suggested that mangrove-derived carbon had little importance to stingrays’ diets in the study area. Results presented in this study bring new insights to the feeding ecology of two sympatric stingray species and their trophic interactions within a communal nursery area.
Keywords: batoids, elasmobranchs, isotopic niche, niche overlap, Pastinachus ater, stable isotopes, stingrays, Urogymnus granulatus.
References
Albo-Puigserver, M, Navarro, J, Coll, M, Aguzzi, J, Cardona, L, and Sáez-liante, R (2015). Feeding ecology and trophic position of three sympatric demersal chondrichthyans in the northwestern Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 524, 255–268.| Feeding ecology and trophic position of three sympatric demersal chondrichthyans in the northwestern Mediterranean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alongi, DM (2014). Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests. Annual Review of Marine Science 6, 195–219.
| Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24405426PubMed |
Amariles, DF, Navia, AF, and Giraldo, A (2017). Food resource partitioning of the Mustelus lunulatus and Mustelus henlei (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes). Environmental Biology of Fishes 100, 717–732.
| Food resource partitioning of the Mustelus lunulatus and Mustelus henlei (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhiniformes).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bethea, DM, Buckel, JA, and Carlson, JK (2004). Foraging ecology of the early life stages of four sympatric shark species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 268, 245–264.
| Foraging ecology of the early life stages of four sympatric shark species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Borrell, A, Aguilar, A, Gaazo, M, Kumarran, R, and Cardona, L (2011). Stable isotope profiles in whale shark (Rhincodon typus) suggest segregation and dissimilarities in the diet depending on sex and size. Environmental Biology of Fishes 92, 559–567.
| Stable isotope profiles in whale shark (Rhincodon typus) suggest segregation and dissimilarities in the diet depending on sex and size.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Buchheister, A, and Latour, RJ (2010). Turnover and fractionation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in tissues of a migratory coastal predator, summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, 445–461.
| Turnover and fractionation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in tissues of a migratory coastal predator, summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Carlisle, AB, Litvin, SY, Madigan, DJ, Lyons, K, Bigman, JS, Ibarra, M, and Bizzarro, JJ (2017). Interactive effects of urea and lipid content confound stable isotope analysis in elasmobranch fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, 419–428.
| Interactive effects of urea and lipid content confound stable isotope analysis in elasmobranch fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Caut, S, Angulo, E, and Courchamp, F (2009). Variation in discrimination factors (Δ15N and Δ13C): the effect of diet isotopic values and applications for diet reconstruction. Journal of Applied Ecology 46, 443–453.
| Variation in discrimination factors (Δ15N and Δ13C): the effect of diet isotopic values and applications for diet reconstruction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Connolly, RM, Guest, MA, Melville, AJ, and Oakes, JM (2004). Sulfur stable isotopes separate producers in marine food-web analysis. Oecologia 138, 161–167.
| Sulfur stable isotopes separate producers in marine food-web analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14593525PubMed |
Davy, LE, Simpfendorfer, CA, and Heupel, MR (2015). Movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata). Marine and Freshwater Research 66, 481–492.
| Movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
de Sousa Rangel, B, Hussey, NE, Gomes, AD, Rodrigues, A, Martinelli, LA, and Moreira, RG (2019). Resource partitioning between two young-of-year cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus and R. brasiliensis within a communal nursery inferred by trophic biomarkers. Journal of Fish Biology 94, 781–788.
| Resource partitioning between two young-of-year cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus and R. brasiliensis within a communal nursery inferred by trophic biomarkers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30868595PubMed |
Eberts, RL, Wissel, B, Manzon, RG, Wilson, JY, Boreham, DR, and Somers, CM (2016). Consistent differential resource use by sympatric lake (Coregonus clupeaformis) and round (Prosopium cylindraceum) whitefish in Lake Huron: a multi-time scale isotopic niche analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, 1072–1080.
| Consistent differential resource use by sympatric lake (Coregonus clupeaformis) and round (Prosopium cylindraceum) whitefish in Lake Huron: a multi-time scale isotopic niche analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Elston, C, Von Brandis, R, and Cowley, P (2015). Gastric lavage as a non-lethal method for stingray (Myliobatiformes) diet sampling. African Journal of Marine Science 37, 415–419.
| Gastric lavage as a non-lethal method for stingray (Myliobatiformes) diet sampling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Elston, C, Cowley, PD, Von Brandis, RG, and Fisk, A (2020). Dietary niche differentiation in a mesopredatory dasyatid assemblage. Marine Biology 167, 89.
| Dietary niche differentiation in a mesopredatory dasyatid assemblage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
George, LW, Martins, APB, Heupel, MR, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2019). Fine-scale movements of juvenile blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus in a shallow nearshore nursery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 623, 85–97.
| Fine-scale movements of juvenile blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus in a shallow nearshore nursery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Heithaus, ER, Heithaus, PA, Heithaus, MR, Burkholder, D, and Layman, CA (2011). Trophic dynamics in a relatively pristine subtropical fringing mangrove community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 428, 49–61.
| Trophic dynamics in a relatively pristine subtropical fringing mangrove community.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Heithaus, MR, Vaudo, JJ, Kreicker, S, Layman, CA, Krützen, M, Burkholder, DA, et al. (2013). Apparent resource partitioning and trophic structure of large-bodied marine predators in a relatively pristine seagrass ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 481, 225–237.
| Apparent resource partitioning and trophic structure of large-bodied marine predators in a relatively pristine seagrass ecosystem.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Heupel, MR, Kanno, S, Martins, AP, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2019a). Advances in understanding the roles and benefits of nursery areas for elasmobranch populations. Marine and Freshwater Research 70, 897–907.
| Advances in understanding the roles and benefits of nursery areas for elasmobranch populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Heupel, MR, Munroe, SE, Lédée, EJ, Chin, A, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2019b). Interspecific interactions, movement patterns and habitat use in a diverse coastal shark assemblage. Marine Biology 166, 68.
| Interspecific interactions, movement patterns and habitat use in a diverse coastal shark assemblage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hussey, NE, MacNeil, MA, Olin, JA, McMeans, BC, Kinney, MJ, Chapman, DD, and Fisk, AT (2012a). Stable isotopes and elasmobranchs: tissue types, methods, applications and assumptions. Journal of Fish Biology 80, 1449–1484.
| Stable isotopes and elasmobranchs: tissue types, methods, applications and assumptions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22497393PubMed |
Hussey, NE, Olin, JA, Kinney, MJ, McMeans, BC, and Fisk, AT (2012b). Lipid extraction effects on stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of elasmobranch muscle tissue. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 434–435, 7–15.
| Lipid extraction effects on stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of elasmobranch muscle tissue.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hussey, NE, MacNeil, MA, McMeans, BC, Olin, JA, Dudley, SF, Cliff, G, Wintner, SP, Fennessy, ST, and Fisk, AT (2014). Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs. Ecology Letters 17, 239–250.
| Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24308860PubMed |
Hussey, NE, Dibattista, JD, Moore, JW, Ward, EJ, Fisk, AT, Kessel, S, Guttridge, TL, Feldheim, KA, Franks, BR, and Gruber, SH (2017). Risky business for a juvenile marine predator? Testing the influence of foraging strategies on size and growth rate under natural conditions. Proceedings Biological Sciences 284, 20170166.
| Risky business for a juvenile marine predator? Testing the influence of foraging strategies on size and growth rate under natural conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28381626PubMed |
Jackson, AL, Inger, R, Parnell, AC, and Bearhop, S (2011). Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER–Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R. Journal of Animal Ecology 80, 595–602.
| Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER–Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jenkins, SG, Partridge, ST, Stephenson, TR, Farley, SD, and Robbins, CT (2001). Nitrogen and carbon isotope fractionation between mothers, neonates, and nursing offspring. Oecologia 129, 336–341.
| Nitrogen and carbon isotope fractionation between mothers, neonates, and nursing offspring.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28547188PubMed |
Kanno, S, Schlaff, AM, Heupel, MR, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2019). Stationary video monitoring reveals habitat use of stingrays in mangroves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 621, 155–168.
| Stationary video monitoring reveals habitat use of stingrays in mangroves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kathiresan, K (2012). Importance of mangrove ecosystem. International Journal of Material Science 2, 10–89.
Kim, SL, Casper, DR, Galván-Magaña, F, Ochoa-Díaz, R, Hernández-Aguilar, SB, and Koch, PL (2012). Carbon and nitrogen discrimination factors for elasmobranch soft tissues based on a long-term controlled feeding study. Environmental Biology of Fishes 95, 37–52.
| Carbon and nitrogen discrimination factors for elasmobranch soft tissues based on a long-term controlled feeding study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kinney, MJ, Hussey, NE, Fisk, AT, Tobin, AJ, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2011). Communal or competitive? Stable isotope analysis provides evidence of resource partitioning within a communal shark nursery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 439, 263–276.
| Communal or competitive? Stable isotope analysis provides evidence of resource partitioning within a communal shark nursery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kiyashko, SI, Velivetskaya, TA, and Ignatiev, AV (2011). Sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in soft tissues and trophic relationships of fish from the near-shore waters of the peter the great bay in the Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 37, 297–302.
| Sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in soft tissues and trophic relationships of fish from the near-shore waters of the peter the great bay in the Sea of Japan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kristensen, E, Bouillon, S, Dittmar, T, and Marchand, C (2008). Organic carbon dynamics in mangrove ecosystems: a review. Aquatic Botany 89, 201–219.
| Organic carbon dynamics in mangrove ecosystems: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lee, SY, Primavera, JH, Dahdouh‐Guebas, F, McKee, K, Bosire, JO, Cannicci, S, Diele, K, Fromard, F, Koedam, N, Marchand, C, and Mendelssohn, I (2014). Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: a reassessment. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23, 726–743.
| Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: a reassessment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Logan, JM, and Lutcavage, ME (2010). Stable isotope dynamics in elasmobranch fishes. Hydrobiologia 644, 231–244.
| Stable isotope dynamics in elasmobranch fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
MacNeil, MA, Skomal, GB, and Fisk, AT (2005). Stable isotopes from multiple tissues reveal diet switching in sharks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 302, 199–206.
| Stable isotopes from multiple tissues reveal diet switching in sharks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
MacNeil, MA, Drouillard, KG, and Fisk, AT (2006). Variable uptake and elimination of stable nitrogen isotopes between tissues in fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, 345–353.
| Variable uptake and elimination of stable nitrogen isotopes between tissues in fish.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martins, APB, Heupel, MR, Chin, A, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2018). Batoid nurseries: definition, use and importance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 595, 253–267.
| Batoid nurseries: definition, use and importance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Martins, APB, Heupel, MR, Bierwagen, SL, Chin, A, and Simpfendorfer, C (2020). Diurnal activity patterns and habitat use of juvenile Pastinachus ater in a coral reef flat environment. PLoS One 15, e0228280.
| Diurnal activity patterns and habitat use of juvenile Pastinachus ater in a coral reef flat environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32107488PubMed |
Martins, APB, Heupel, MR, Bierwagen, SL, Chin, A, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2021). Tidal–diel patterns of movement, activity and habitat use by juvenile mangrove whiprays using towed-float GPS telemetry. Marine and Freshwater Research 72, 534–541.
| Tidal–diel patterns of movement, activity and habitat use by juvenile mangrove whiprays using towed-float GPS telemetry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Matich, P, Kiszka, JJ, Mourier, J, Planes, S, and Heithaus, MR (2017). Species co-occurrence affects the trophic interactions of two juvenile reef shark species in tropical lagoon nurseries in Moorea (French Polynesia). Marine Environmental Research 127, 84–91.
| Species co-occurrence affects the trophic interactions of two juvenile reef shark species in tropical lagoon nurseries in Moorea (French Polynesia).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28400049PubMed |
Matley, J, Fisk, AT, Tobin, AJ, Heupel, MR, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2016). Diet–tissue discrimination factors and turnover of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in tissues of an adult predatory coral reef fish, Plectropomus leopardus. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 30, 29–44.
| Diet–tissue discrimination factors and turnover of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in tissues of an adult predatory coral reef fish, Plectropomus leopardus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26661968PubMed |
Matley, J, Tobin, AJ, Simpfendorfer, CA, Fisk, AT, and Heupel, MR (2017a). Trophic niche and spatio-temporal changes in the feeding ecology of two sympatric species of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus and P. laevis). Marine Ecology Progress Series 563, 197–210.
| Trophic niche and spatio-temporal changes in the feeding ecology of two sympatric species of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus and P. laevis).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Matley, J, Heupel, MR, Fisk, AT, Simpfendorfer, CA, and Tobin, AJ (2017b). Measuring niche overlap between co-occurring Plectropomus spp. using acoustic telemetry and stable isotopes. Marine and Freshwater Research 68, 1468–1478.
| Measuring niche overlap between co-occurring Plectropomus spp. using acoustic telemetry and stable isotopes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McMeans, B, Olin, J, and Benz, G (2009). Stable‐isotope comparisons between embryos and mothers of a placentatrophic shark species. Journal of Fish Biology 75, 2464–2474.
| Stable‐isotope comparisons between embryos and mothers of a placentatrophic shark species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20738502PubMed |
Munroe, S, Simpfendorfer, C, and Heupel, M (2014). Defining shark ecological specialisation: concepts, context, and examples. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 24, 317–331.
| Defining shark ecological specialisation: concepts, context, and examples.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Navarro-González, J, Bohórquez-Herrera, J, Navia, A, and Cruz-Escalona, V (2012). Diet composition of batoids on the continental shelf off Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico. Ciencias Marinas 38, 347–362.
| Diet composition of batoids on the continental shelf off Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Navia, AF, Mejía-Falla, PA, and Giraldo, A (2007). Feeding ecology of elasmobranch fishes in coastal waters of the Colombian Eastern Tropical Pacific. BMC Ecology 7, 8.
| Feeding ecology of elasmobranch fishes in coastal waters of the Colombian Eastern Tropical Pacific.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17877796PubMed |
Newman, SP, Handy, RD, and Gruber, SH (2010). Diet and prey preference of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris. Marine Ecology Progress Series 398, 221–234.
| Diet and prey preference of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Newsome, SD, Martinez del Rio, C, Bearhop, S, and Phillips, DL (2007). A niche for isotopic ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5, 429–436.
| A niche for isotopic ecology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Olin, JA, Hussey, NE, Fritts, M, Heupel, MR, Simpfendorfer, CA, Poulakis, GR, and Fisk, AT (2011). Maternal meddling in neonatal sharks: implications for interpreting stable isotopes in young animals. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 25, 1008–1016.
| Maternal meddling in neonatal sharks: implications for interpreting stable isotopes in young animals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21452377PubMed |
O’Shea, OR, Thums, M, Van Keulen, M, Kempster, RM, and Meekan, MG (2013). Dietary partitioning by five sympatric species of stingray (Dasyatidae) on coral reefs. Journal of Fish Biology 82, 1805–1820.
| Dietary partitioning by five sympatric species of stingray (Dasyatidae) on coral reefs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 35189189PubMed |
Papastamatiou, YP, Friedlander, AM, Caselle, JE, and Lowe, CG (2010). Long-term movement patterns and trophic ecology of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Palmyra Atoll. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 386, 94–102.
| Long-term movement patterns and trophic ecology of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Palmyra Atoll.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Parnell, AC, Inger, R, Bearhop, S, and Jackson, AL (2010). Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too much variation. PLoS One 5, e9672.
| Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too much variation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20300637PubMed |
Phillips, DL, Inger, R, Bearhop, S, Jackson, AL, Moore, JW, Parnell, AC, et al. (2014). Best practices for use of stable isotope mixing models in food-web studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, 823–835.
| Best practices for use of stable isotope mixing models in food-web studies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pianka, ER (1974). Niche overlap and diffuse competition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 71, 2141–2145.
| Niche overlap and diffuse competition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 4525324PubMed |
Pianka ER (2011) ‘Evolutionary Ecology’, 7th edn. (Eric R. Pianka) Available at https://books.google.ca/books?id=giFL5bonGhQC&lpg=PA1&dq=Evolutionary%20Ecology&lr&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q=Evolutionary%20Ecology&f=false [eBook, verified 6 July 2021]
Pilgrim, MA (2007). Expression of maternal isotopes in offspring: implications for interpreting ontogenetic shifts in isotopic composition of consumer tissues. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 43, 155–163.
| Expression of maternal isotopes in offspring: implications for interpreting ontogenetic shifts in isotopic composition of consumer tissues.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17558752PubMed |
Schoener, TW (1983). Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist 122, 240–285.
| Field experiments on interspecific competition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shiffman, DS, Kaufman, L, Heithaus, M, and Hammerschlag, N (2019). Intraspecific differences in relative isotopic niche area and overlap of co-occurring sharks. Aquatic Ecology 53, 233–250.
| Intraspecific differences in relative isotopic niche area and overlap of co-occurring sharks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Simpfendorfer, CA, and Milward, NE (1993). Utilisation of a tropical bay as a nursery area by sharks of the families Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae. Environmental Biology of Fishes 37, 337–345.
| Utilisation of a tropical bay as a nursery area by sharks of the families Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Szpak, P, and Buckley, M (2020). Sulfur isotopes (δ34S) in Arctic marine mammals: indicators of benthic vs. pelagic foraging. Marine Ecology Progress Series 653, 205–216.
| Sulfur isotopes (δ34S) in Arctic marine mammals: indicators of benthic vs. pelagic foraging.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tilley, A, López-Angarita, J, and Turner, JR (2013). Diet reconstruction and resource partitioning of a Caribbean marine mesopredator using stable isotope Bayesian modelling. PLoS One 8, e79560.
| Diet reconstruction and resource partitioning of a Caribbean marine mesopredator using stable isotope Bayesian modelling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24236144PubMed |
Treloar MA, Laurenson LJ, Stevens JD (2007) Dietary comparisons of six skate species (Rajidae) in south-eastern Australian waters. In ‘Biology of Skates, Vol. 27’. (Eds DA Ebert, J Sulikowski) pp. 75–90. (Springer Science & Business Media: Berlin, Germany)
Vaudo J (2011) Habitat use and foraging ecology of a batoid community in Shark Bay, Western Australia. PhD dissertation, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
White, W, Platell, M, and Potter, I (2004). Comparisons between the diets of four abundant species of elasmobranchs in a subtropical embayment: implications for resource partitioning. Marine Biology 144, 439–448.
| Comparisons between the diets of four abundant species of elasmobranchs in a subtropical embayment: implications for resource partitioning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Whitfield, AK (2017). The role of seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, salt marshes and reed beds as nursery areas and food sources for fishes in estuaries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 27, 75–110.
| The role of seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, salt marshes and reed beds as nursery areas and food sources for fishes in estuaries.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yick, J, Tracey, S, and White, R (2011). Niche overlap and trophic resource partitioning of two sympatric batoids co‐inhabiting an estuarine system in southeast Australia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27, 1272–1277.
| Niche overlap and trophic resource partitioning of two sympatric batoids co‐inhabiting an estuarine system in southeast Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
