Restoring subtidal marine macrophytes in the Anthropocene: trajectories and future-proofing
G. Wood A J , E. M. Marzinelli A B C D , M. A. Coleman E , A. H. Campbell F , N. S. Santini G , L. Kajlich A , J. Verdura H , J. Wodak I , P. D. Steinberg A C D and A. Vergés A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
B School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
C Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
D Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
E Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
F GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Qld 4556, Australia.
G Cátedra CONACYT-Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04500, Ciudad de México, Mexico
H Universitat de Girona, Facultat de Ciències, Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
I Faculty of Art and Design, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
J Corresponding author. Email: georgina.wood@unsw.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 70(7) 936-951 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18226
Submitted: 21 June 2018 Accepted: 21 January 2019 Published: 8 April 2019
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have caused profound changes globally in biodiversity, species interactions and ecosystem functions and services. In terrestrial systems, restoration has emerged as a useful approach to mitigate these changes, and is increasingly recognised as a tool to fortify ecosystems against future disturbances. In marine systems, restoration is also gaining traction as a management tool, but it is still comparatively scant and underdeveloped relative to terrestrial environments. Key coastal habitats, such as seaweed forests and seagrass meadows are showing widespread patterns of decline around the world. As these important ecosystems increasingly become the target of emerging marine restoration campaigns, it is important not only to address current environmental degradation issues, but also to focus on the future. Given the rate at which marine and other environments are changing, and given predicted increases in the frequency and magnitude of multiple stressors, we argue for an urgent need for subtidal marine macrophyte restoration efforts that explicitly incorporate future-proofing in their goals. Here we highlight emerging scientific techniques that can help achieve this, and discuss changes to managerial, political and public frameworks that are needed to support scientific innovation and restoration applications at scale.
Additional keywords: bacteria, climate change, conservation, ecology, evolution, plants, restoration.
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