A review of the characteristics of the dinoflagellate parasite Ichthyodinium chabelardi and its potential effect on fin fish populations
Frank H. Gleason A , Maitreyi Nagarkar B E , Aurélie Chambouvet C and Laure Guillou D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
B Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
C Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopole Brest Iroise, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
D Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France.
E Corresponding author. Email: mnagarka@ucsd.edu
Marine and Freshwater Research 70(9) 1307-1316 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18207
Submitted: 30 May 2018 Accepted: 12 February 2019 Published: 9 May 2019
Abstract
This paper focuses on the biology and ecological impacts of Ichthyodinium chabelardi (phylum Dinophyta, class Syndiniophyceae, order Syndiniales), a virulent endobiotic parasite of yolk sacs and young larvae of many species of marine fin fish. Its infections have been observed in warm and temperate open oceanic environments and crowded marine fish tanks. The prevalence of I. chabelardi and the range of its host fishes is not well studied, and our understanding of its life cycle is incomplete. Here, we describe what is known about I. chabelardi infections in fish and we compare this with several other protistan parasites of fish, including Amyloodium ocellatum, Saprolegnia parasitica, Sphaerothecum destruens and the ‘X-cell’ clades Gadixcellia and Xcellia, all of which are considered emerging generalist parasites infecting a wide variety of fin fish species. Recent findings suggest that rising seawater temperatures might lead to higher infection rates in fishes, and we expect that these changing conditions could also expand the ranges of some of these parasitic species. Thus, it is essential that the fishing industry effectively monitors fish tanks and water in the surrounding environments for the presence of zoosporic parasites, including I. chabelardi, so as to take steps to prevent large losses in these fisheries.
Additional keywords: Amyloodinium ocellatum, Osteichthyes, Saprolegnia parasitica, Sphaerothecum destruens, Syndiniophyceae, X-cell species.
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