Phosphorus speciation, transformation and retention in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Xiang-bin Ran A B , Hong-tao Chen A , Jun-feng Wei A , Qing-zhen Yao A , Tie-zhu Mi C and Zhi-gang Yu A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
B Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, PR China.
C College of Environment Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
D Corresponding author. Email: zhigangyu@ouc.edu.cn
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(2) 173-186 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14344
Submitted: 2 November 2014 Accepted: 16 December 2014 Published: 21 May 2015
Abstract
Damming of river systems allowing the transformation of former rivers into artificial lakes will increase the transformation and retention of dissolved and sediment-associated phosphorus (P). The reservoir is therefore a ‘filter’ or ‘converter’, reducing and delaying the transport of nutrients to marine systems. Our study of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) found that no stratification of phosphorus occurred, and the high particulate phosphorus (PP) concentrations upstream decreased gradually in the reservoir. Detrital P was found in greater concentrations in the surface sediment, accounting for 39% of PP; exchangeable P was rare and contributed very little to the total P budget. P forms and their concentrations in the suspended particulate matter varied throughout the TGR, with a significant increase of bioavailable P in the <8-μm particle fraction from 27% of PP in Fuling to 60% in Yichang, and decreasing detrital P and authigenic P in each grain size class. The TGR acted as a ‘converter’ for the dissolved reactive phosphorus, and it therefore plays a minor role in trapping incoming total dissolved phosphorus; whereas the TGR behaved as a ‘filter’ for the PP, especially for the coarse fraction, which resulted in the retention of 70% of the non-bioavailable PP. The controlling mechanism of P species and retention in the reservoir is particulate settling and its associated effects.
Additional keywords: Changjiang River (Yangtze River), particle size fractions, phosphorus forms.
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