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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 74(16)

Search for the vulnerable giants: the presence of giant guitarfish and wedgefish in the Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters

Faqih Akbar Alghozali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-1486 A , Muhammad Wiralaga Dwi Gustianto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-4183 A , Ashma Hanifah https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8964-0381 A , Maula Nadia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5854-5977 A , Widyastuti B , Nauvan Prabhu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2696-9423 C , Lufni Fauzil Adhim D , Khansa Alifa Nurhaliza E , Hollie Booth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4339-820X F G , Muhammad Ichsan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8156-9666 H I * , Andhika Prasetyo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-8432 J and Nesha Ichida K
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Yayasan Hiu Pari Lestari (Elasmobranch Project Indonesia), Banten, Indonesia. Email: faqihbig@hotmail.com; agawiralaga@gmail.com; hanifah.ashma20@gmail.com; mnrachmanto@gmail.com

B Karimunjawa National Park Management Office, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: widyastuti.kds@gmail.com

C Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nauvanp@gmail.com

D Department of Fishery, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University of Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Email: lufni09@gmail.com

E Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia. Email: khansaalifa21@gmail.com

F The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Email: hollie.booth@balliol.ox.ac.uk

G The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, UK.

H Yayasan Impak Laut Biru Indonesia (Impact Blue Sea Foundation), West Java, Indonesia.

I University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia.

J Research Centre for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: andh009@brin.go.id

K Thrive Conservation, Bali, Indonesia. Email: nesha@thriveconservation.org

* Correspondence to: ichsan.shark@gmail.com

Handling Editor: Haseeb Randhawa

Marine and Freshwater Research 74(16) 1420-1430 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF23101
Submitted: 26 May 2023  Accepted: 11 October 2023  Published: 1 November 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)

Abstract

Context

Giant guitarfish (Family: Glaucostegidae) and wedgefish (Family: Rhinidae) (Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List and CITES Appendix II) are highly exploited throughout their distribution because of their highly valued fins in the international market. Both are commonly caught as bycatch or secondary valuable catch in the Java Sea, including in Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia.

Aims

Assess the presence and relative abundance of giant guitarfish and wedgefish species in Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters.

Methods

Data were collected using baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys across 40 sites, covering multiple zonation areas and depth ranges. All species were identified to the species level and their relative abundance was tested with one-way PERMANOVA based on sites, zonation areas and depths.

Key results

Two target species, Glaucostegus typus and Rhynchobatus australiae, were present in the study area with a maximum number of 3 and 6 and relative abundance of 0.0048 and 0.0096 respectively, over 477 BRUVs and 623.9 h of videos. Their presence during the study was not affected by sites, zonations or depth.

Implications

The presence and relative abundance of both G. typus and R. australiae were low, which may be a result of decades of overfishing, and have provided the first information to the urgency of managing the species in the areas.

Keywords: BRUV, elasmobranch, giant guitarfish, Indonesia, Karimunjawa, presence, relative abundance, wedgefish.

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