A cause for hope: largely intact coral-reef communities with high reef-fish biomass in a remote Indonesian island group
Gino V. Limmon A B C , Halwi Masdar D , Dominic Muenzel E , Tanika C. Shalders
F , Cilun Djakiman A , Maria Beger E G , Jamaludin Jompa D and Maarten De Brauwer E H *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Pattimura University, Jalan Dr Leimena, Kampus Poka, Ambon, Indonesia.
B Maritime and Marine Science Center of Excellence, Pattimura University, Jalan Dr Leimena, Kampus Poka, Ambon, Indonesia.
C Centre for Collaborative Research on Aquatic Ecosystem in Eastern Indonesia, Ambon, Indonesia.
D Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.
E School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
F National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
G Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
H CSIRO Environment, Battery Point, Hobart, Tas. 7004, Australia.
Marine and Freshwater Research 74(6) 479-490 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF22075
Submitted: 31 March 2022 Accepted: 13 February 2023 Published: 9 March 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY)
Abstract
Context: The health of coral reefs is declining rapidly across the world because of anthropogenic impacts. In the mega-diverse Coral Triangle, the consequences of chronic overfishing and human use are worst near coastal population centres.
Aims: The remote islands and reefs in the centre of the Banda Sea (Indonesia) remain largely unstudied, but their distance from populated areas could provide protection from fishing.
Methods: We conducted the first visual census surveys of coral-reef communities at the uninhabited Lucipara group in the Banda Sea.
Key results: Sites showed medium to high coral cover and fish assemblages with high biomass, including abundant large predatory species. All sites exceeded the fish biomass conservation target of 1150 kg ha−1 proposed by McClanahan et al. (2015), by a factor of ~2–10. Benthic cover explained >50% of variance in fish abundance and diversity, with submassive corals, Dendrophyllia spp., and bare rock as key predictors.
Conclusions: Our results suggested that Lucipara’s reefs are among the healthiest in Indonesia, likely owing to their remoteness. However, this remoteness might also hamper policing against destructive fishing practices, highlighting a conservation gap.
Implications: Lucipara’s reef communities should be protected in a time of global coral-reef declines.
Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, Coral Triangle, fisheries, Indonesia, Lucipara, oceanic island, visual survey.
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