Multiproxy approach to track changes in the ecological condition of wetlands in the Gunbower Forest, a Ramsar site
Neeraj Mall
A G , Peter Gell A B , Giri R. Kattel C D E , Patricia Gadd F and Atun Zawadzki F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Sciences, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, Vic., Australia.
B Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
C School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China.
D Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
E Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China.
F Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
G Corresponding author. Email: neeraj.mll@gmail.com
Marine and Freshwater Research 73(10) 1196-1211 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21249
Submitted: 28 August 2021 Accepted: 30 January 2022 Published: 12 April 2022
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2022 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Gunbower Forest is bordered by the Murray River and Gunbower Creek and hosts several floodplain wetlands listed under the Ramsar Convention. Sediment cores were retrieved from three wetlands to trace changes to their ecological state over time. The basal sediments of the wetlands date back to the beginning of river regulation in the 1930s, suggesting that only after then were they inundated sufficiently often to allow for net sediment accumulation. The diatoms preserved in the lower levels of all cores suggest clear, freshwater conditions prevailed during that period. Increased sediment and nutrient loads are inferred by increased epiphytic forms and nutrient indicators. Over recent decades the wetlands have transitioned to plankton dominance, reflecting greater connectivity to the river and distributary, and a reduced light environment. This pattern resembles to that recorded both upstream and downstream, suggesting a regional-scale change in the wetlands of the southern Murray–Darling Basin.
Keywords: diatoms, ecological condition, Gunbower Forest, X-ray fluorescence, XRF, Murray River, palaeolimnology, Ramsar wetland, stable isotopes.
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