Combined effects of light reduction and ammonia nitrogen enrichment on the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans
Zhengjie Zhu A B , Siyuan Song B C , Yaner Yan B C , Pengshan Li B C , Nasreen Jeelani B C , Penghe Wang B C , Shuqing An B C and Xin Leng B C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, P.R. China
B School of Life Science and Institute of Wetland Ecology, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
C Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), 1 Shanghu South Road, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China
D Corresponding author. Email: lengx@nju.edu.cn
Marine and Freshwater Research 69(5) 764-770 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17146
Submitted: 23 May 2017 Accepted: 29 September 2017 Published: 31 January 2018
Abstract
The decline of submerged plants resulting from low light and high ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) has become a serious problem worldwide. In the present study, three levels of ammonia-N concentrations (0, 3 and 6 mg L–1) and four levels of light intensity (control, 15, 2.5 and 0.75% underwater light) were designed to investigate the combined effects of low light and high ammonia-N stress on the submerged plant Vallisneria natans. The effects of low light and ammonia-N were examined by measuring the relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in response to the stressors. The decline in RGR and increase in SOD and POD activity in high ammonia-N water were more significant than under low light conditions, indicating that the stress imposed on submerged plants due to ammonia-N enrichment is stronger. Moreover, the combination of ammonia-N enrichment and low light had a greater effect on submerged plants. This study indicates that V. natans were tolerant to ammonia-N concentrations <6 mg L–1. Moreover, low light intensity (0.75% underwater light) amplified the toxic effects of ammonia-N, reducing ammonia-N tolerance from <6 to <3 mg L–1.
Additional keywords: light intensity, submerged plants.
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