Biological aspects of the associations of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in two saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin, Russia
Larisa V. Golovatyuk A D , Tatiana D. Zinchenko A , Nadezhda N. Sushchik B C , Galina S. Kalachova B and Michail I. Gladyshev B CA Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, of Russian Academy of Sciences, Komzina Street 10, Togliatti, 445003, Russia.
B Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center’ of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
C Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Avenue 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
D Corresponding author. Email: gollarisa@mail.ru
Marine and Freshwater Research 69(6) 906-916 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF17125
Submitted: 3 May 2017 Accepted: 12 November 2017 Published: 19 February 2018
Abstract
We studied species composition, density, biomass and production of larvae of the family Ceratopogonidae in two saline rivers (Volgograd region, Russia). Ceratopoponids make up an important part of macroinvertebrate community in these rivers. Average monthly production (dry weight) of ceratopogonid larvae in the rivers was 3.5–4.8 g m–2 month–1 in May and ~0.9 g m–2 month–1 in August. For the first time, feeding spectra of ceratopogonid larvae, Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934, was studied using fatty acid analyses. The larvae of P. schmidti appeared to selectively consume diatoms and other algae and to avoid bacteria and decomposed dead organic matter (detritus) of low nutritive quality.
Additional keywords: biomarker fatty acids, ceratopogonid larvae, saline rivers, secondary production.
References
Andrei, A. E., Smith, L. M., Haukos, D. A., Surles, J. G., and Johnson, W. P. (2009). Foraging ecology of migrant shorebirds in saline lakes of the southern Great Plains. Waterbirds 32, 138–148.| Foraging ecology of migrant shorebirds in saline lakes of the southern Great Plains.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Aussel, J.-P., and Linley, J. R. (1994). Natural food and feeding behavior of Culicoides furens larvae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 31, 99–104.
| Natural food and feeding behavior of Culicoides furens larvae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3htVCkug%3D%3D&md5=a5a707905f0ab06c21ec987f1f71929bCAS |
Ballinger, A., and Lake, P. S. (2006). Energy and nutrient fluxes from rivers and streams into terrestrial food webs. Marine and Freshwater Research 57, 15–28.
| Energy and nutrient fluxes from rivers and streams into terrestrial food webs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blackwell, A. (2001). Recent advances on the ecology and behavior of Culicoides spp. in Scotland and the prospects for control. The Veterinary Bulletin 71, 1–8.
Borkent, A. (2015). World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). (Research Associate of the Royal British Columbia Museum, American Museum of Natural History, and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. SE: Salmon Arm, BC, Canada.) Available at wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/files/8413/4219/9566/CeratopogonidaeCatalog.pdf [Verified 1 February 2018].
Borkent, A., and Spinelli, G. R. (2007). ‘Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta) Vol. 4.’ (Pensoft Publishers.)
Bowen, T. W. (1983). Production of the predaceous midge tribes Sphaeromiini and Palpomyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Lake Norman, North Carolina. Hydrobiologia 99, 81–87.
| Production of the predaceous midge tribes Sphaeromiini and Palpomyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Lake Norman, North Carolina.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Delécolle, J. C., Blasco-Zumeta, J., and Rieb, J. P. (1997). Nouvelle contribution à l’étude des Cératopogonidés d’Espagne. Description de Homohelea iberica n. sp., et redescription de Palpomyia miki Goetghebuer, 1934 et de Culicoides brevifrontis Smatov & Isimbekov, 1971 (Diptera, Nematocera). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie, New Series 14, 337–351.
Desvilettes, C., Bourdier, G., Amblard, C., and Barth, B. (1997). Use of fatty acids for the assessment of zooplankton grazing on bacteria, protozoans and microalgae. Freshwater Biology 38, 629–637.
| Use of fatty acids for the assessment of zooplankton grazing on bacteria, protozoans and microalgae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsFSqsg%3D%3D&md5=cf623cc7b0871c7cf7bacf5141b08fe8CAS |
Ederington, M. C., McManus, G. M., and Harvey, H. R. (1995). Trophic transfer of fatty acids, sterols and a triterpenoid alcohol between a bacteria, a ciliate and the copepod Acartia tonsa. Limnology and Oceanography 40, 860–867.
| Trophic transfer of fatty acids, sterols and a triterpenoid alcohol between a bacteria, a ciliate and the copepod Acartia tonsa.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXosFentro%3D&md5=831eb902c2c7378d0d54efce10eabf73CAS |
Gallardo-Mayenco, A. (1994). Freshwater macroinvertebrate distribution in two basins with different salinity gradients (Guadalete and Guadaira river basins, south-western Spain). International Journal of Salt Lake Research 3, 75–91.
| Freshwater macroinvertebrate distribution in two basins with different salinity gradients (Guadalete and Guadaira river basins, south-western Spain).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gladden, J. E., and Smock, L. A. (1990). Macroinvertebrate distribution and production on the floodplains of two lowland headwater streams. Freshwater Biology 24, 533–545.
| Macroinvertebrate distribution and production on the floodplains of two lowland headwater streams.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gladyshev, M. I., Sushchik, N. N., Skoptsova, G. N., Parfentsova, L. S., and Kalacheva, G. S. (1999). Evidences on selective feeding of omnivorous species of zoobenthos in a fish pond on the basis of biochemical markers. Doklady Akademii Nauk 364, 566–568.
| 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjt1eit7s%3D&md5=5e353e61b7ea13aeb3a55b982c74b532CAS |
Gladyshev, M. I., Emelianova, A. Y., Kalachova, G. S., Zotina, T. A., Gaevsky, N. A., and Zhilenkov, M. D. (2000). Gut content analysis of Gammarus lacustris from a Siberian lake using biochemical and biophysical methods. Hydrobiologia 431, 155–163.
| Gut content analysis of Gammarus lacustris from a Siberian lake using biochemical and biophysical methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnslSgsbk%3D&md5=5dc42fbf92724602930c88f0b91ee539CAS |
Gladyshev, M. I., Sushchik, N. N., Kolmakova, A. A., Kalachova, G. S., Kravchuk, E. S., Ivanova, E. A., and Makhutova, O. N. (2007). Seasonal correlations of elemental and x3 PUFA composition of seston and dominant phytoplankton species in a eutrophic Siberian Reservoir. Aquatic Ecology 41, 9–23.
| Seasonal correlations of elemental and x3 PUFA composition of seston and dominant phytoplankton species in a eutrophic Siberian Reservoir.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotVWhtA%3D%3D&md5=48eb5cb65897b40af410a5fefd2f7f8eCAS |
Gladyshev, M. I., Popova, O. N., Makhutova, O. N., Zinchenko, T. D., Golovatyuk, L. V., Yurchenko, Y. A., Kalachova, G. S., Krylov, A. V., and Sushchik, N. N. (2016). Comparison of fatty acid compositions in birds feeding in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 9, 503–513.
| Comparison of fatty acid compositions in birds feeding in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Glukhova, V. M. (1979). ‘Lichinki mocretsov podsemeyistv Palpomyiinae i Ceratopogoninae fauni SSSR.’ [Larvae of the Biting Midges Subfamilies Palpomyiinae and Ceratopogoninae of the Fauna of the USSR.] (Nauka: Leningrad, USSR.) [In Russian].
Glukhova, V. M., and Przhiboro, A. A. (1995). The mass development of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on the littoral of the White Sea. Parazitologiia 29, 43–46.
| 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FjvVSnsg%3D%3D&md5=8340605a35f95d991c5f9592a79a89aaCAS |
Goetghebuer, M. (1934). Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae). In ‘The Flies of the Palearctic Region’. (Ed. E. Lindner.) Vol. 3, issue 2, pp. 49–94. (Lfg. 78: Stuttgart, Germany.)
Golubkov, S. M. (2000). Functional ecology of the larvae of amphibiotic insects. Zoological Institute of RAS, St Petersburg 284, 1–294.
Graeve, M. C., and Kattner, A. G. (2005). Assimilation and biosynthesis of lipids in Arctic Calanus species based on feeding experiments with a 13C labeled diatom. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 317, 109–125.
| Assimilation and biosynthesis of lipids in Arctic Calanus species based on feeding experiments with a 13C labeled diatom.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitFChsb8%3D&md5=48931f28979b7be3dff8260b1627ff3aCAS |
Hair, J. A., and Turner, E. C. (1966). Laboratory colonization and mass-production procedures for Culicoides guttipennis. Mosquito News 26, 429–433.
Hama, T. (1999). Fatty acid composition of particulate matter and photosynthetic products in subarctic and subtropical Pacific. Journal of Plankton Research 21, 1355–1372.
| Fatty acid composition of particulate matter and photosynthetic products in subarctic and subtropical Pacific.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltlOiu7s%3D&md5=7a5fa81ae74b80c5647c7fed8e10c67eCAS |
Hulbert, A. J. (2007). Membrane fatty acids as pacemakers of animal metabolism. Lipids 42, 811–819.
| Membrane fatty acids as pacemakers of animal metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFSjtr3I&md5=d6709b27431e37fb586de068eaa13d63CAS |
Hulbert, A. J., Faulks, S., Buttemer, W. A., and Else, P. L. (2002). Acyl composition of muscle membranes varies with body size in birds. The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 3561–3569.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpslCjtr4%3D&md5=beb3825a28c204129e16536b1f92f361CAS |
Infante, J. P., Kirwan, R. C., and Brenna, J. T. (2001). High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)-containing phospholipids in high-frequency contraction muscles of hummingbirds and rattlesnakes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – B. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 130, 291–298.
| High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)-containing phospholipids in high-frequency contraction muscles of hummingbirds and rattlesnakes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MritF2gsQ%3D%3D&md5=c3c05263f42563faf02ae41fcc6bc1c5CAS |
Kasatkina, Y. N., and Shubin, A. O. (2012). The influence of forage reserves on the behavior of migrating little stints (Calidris minuta) on Elton Lake. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 91, 95–110.
Klaiman, J. M., Price, E. R., and Guglielmo, C. G. (2009). Fatty acid composition of pectoralis muscle membrane, intramuscular fat stores and adipose tissue of migrant and wintering white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis). The Journal of Experimental Biology 212, 3865–3872.
| Fatty acid composition of pectoralis muscle membrane, intramuscular fat stores and adipose tissue of migrant and wintering white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVyqtrs%3D&md5=a6b3d5f3d75ca99740f6afb7746fc513CAS |
Knisley, K., and Geller, W. (1986). Selective feeding of four zooplankton species on natural lake phytoplankton. Oekologia 69, 86–94.
Kolmakov, V. I., and Gladyshev, M. I. (2003). Growth and potential photosynthesis of cyanobacteria are stimulated by viable gut passage in crucian carp. Aquatic Ecology 37, 237–242.
| Growth and potential photosynthesis of cyanobacteria are stimulated by viable gut passage in crucian carp.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsFagurs%3D&md5=c01cfd0081154d593c36c9babde40f0aCAS |
Legendre, P., and Legendre, L. (1998). ‘Numerical Ecology.’ (Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, Netherlands.)
Maillet, D., and Weber, J.-M. (2006). Performance-enhancing role of dietary fatty acids in a long-distance migrant shorebird: the semipalmated sandpiper. The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2686–2695.
| Performance-enhancing role of dietary fatty acids in a long-distance migrant shorebird: the semipalmated sandpiper.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xpt1ymtrk%3D&md5=e4f6cad73196e7e9073cd64f1bf30e11CAS |
Maillet, D., and Weber, J.-M. (2007). Relationship between n-3 PUFA content and energy metabolism in the flight muscles of a migrating shorebird: evidence for natural doping. The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 413–420.
| Relationship between n-3 PUFA content and energy metabolism in the flight muscles of a migrating shorebird: evidence for natural doping.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjvVyjsrg%3D&md5=8e04f897ddd4838eba94e2012aa2b314CAS |
Makhutova, O. N., Kalachova, G. S., and Gladyshev, M. I. (2003). A comparison of the fatty acid composition of Gammarus lacustris and its food sources from a freshwater reservoir, Bugach, and the saline Lake Shira in Siberia, Russia. Aquatic Ecology 37, 159–167.
| A comparison of the fatty acid composition of Gammarus lacustris and its food sources from a freshwater reservoir, Bugach, and the saline Lake Shira in Siberia, Russia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktVCltb4%3D&md5=a0fd32a51cab3da23ac1f37e756d1884CAS |
Makhutova, O. N., Pryanichnikova, E. G., and Lebedeva, I. M. (2012). Comparison of nutrition range in Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis mussels by biochemical markers. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 5, 459–469.
| Comparison of nutrition range in Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis mussels by biochemical markers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moreno, J. L., Aboal, M., Vidal-Abarca, M. R., and Suárez, M. L. (2001). Macroalgae and submerged macrophytes from fresh and saline waterbodies of ephemeral streams (‘ramblas’) in semiarid south-eastern Spain. Marine and Freshwater Research 52, 891–905.
| Macroalgae and submerged macrophytes from fresh and saline waterbodies of ephemeral streams (‘ramblas’) in semiarid south-eastern Spain.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXos1egsrk%3D&md5=d55003e250a677df92afe9cb84f1a7ceCAS |
Naiman, R. J., Decamps, H., and Rollock, M. (1993). The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications 3, 209–212.
| The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Napolitano, G. E. (1999). Fatty acids as trophic and chemical markers in freshwater ecosystems. In ‘Lipids in Freshwater Ecosystems’. (Eds M. T. Arts and B. C. Wainman.) Vol. 21, pp. 21–44. (Springer-Verlag: New York, NY, USA.)
Palmer, G. C., and Bennett, A. F. (2006). Riparian zones provide for distinct bird assemblages in forest mosaics of south-east Australia. Biological Conservation 130, 447–457.
| Riparian zones provide for distinct bird assemblages in forest mosaics of south-east Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Piscart, C., Moreteau, J.-C., and Beisel, J.-N. (2005). Biodiversity and structure of macroinvertebrate communities along a small permanent salinity gradient (Meurthe River, France). Hydrobiologia 546, 1–10.
Porter, K. G. (1976). Enhancement of algal growth and productivity by grazing zooplankton. Science 192, 1334–1336.
| Enhancement of algal growth and productivity by grazing zooplankton.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Quigley, M. A., and Vanderploeg, H. A. (1991). Ingestion of live filamentous diatoms by the Great Lakes amphipod Diporea sp.: a case study of the limited value of gut contents analysis. Hydrobiologia 223, 141–148.
| Ingestion of live filamentous diatoms by the Great Lakes amphipod Diporea sp.: a case study of the limited value of gut contents analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Remm, H. (1976). A synopsis of the Palpomyia of the USSR (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Juures Asuva Eesti Looduseuurija Seltsi Aastaraamat 64, 172–197.
Rodríguez-Turienzo, L., Díaz, O., Sanmartín, B., and Cobos, A. (2010). Characterization of meat from two game birds: thrush (Turdus philomelos) and turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur). CYTA: Journal of Food 8, 209–215.
| Characterization of meat from two game birds: thrush (Turdus philomelos) and turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ronderos, M. M., and Díaz, F. (2002). Rearing Culicoides bambusicola (Lutz, 1913) (Díptera: Ceratopogonidae) in laboratory. Observations and new records. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Paraguay 14, 23–29.
Simmons, R., and Seymour, C. (2010). Changes in bird diversity under shrub encroachment along a rainfall gradient. In ‘Biodiversity in Southern Africa, Vol. 3. Implications for Land Use and Management’. (Eds M. T. Hoffmann, U. Schmiedel, and N. Jürgens.) pp. 50–51. (University of Hamburg and Klaus Hess Publishers: Hamburg, Germany.)
Smock, L. A., Gilinsky, E., and Stoneburner, D. L. (1985). Macroinvertebrate production in a southeastern United States blackwater stream. Ecology 66, 1491–1503.
| Macroinvertebrate production in a southeastern United States blackwater stream.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Strayer, D., and Likens, G. E. (1986). An energy budget for the zoobenthos of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Ecology 67, 303–313.
| An energy budget for the zoobenthos of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sukharev, E. A. (2015). Effect of food resources on the distribution and ecological separation of migrating shorebirds. Ph.D. Dissertation, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia. [In Russian].
Sushchik, N. N., Gladyshev, M. I., Moskvichova, A. V., Makhutova, O. N., and Kalachova, G. S. (2003). Comparison of fatty acid composition in major lipid classes of the dominant benthic invertebrates of the Yenisei River. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology – B. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 134, 111–122.
| Comparison of fatty acid composition in major lipid classes of the dominant benthic invertebrates of the Yenisei River.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s%2FhslKmsg%3D%3D&md5=0a8013309c92317cc8e661ecab8a8f96CAS |
Sushchik, N. N., Gladyshev, M. I., Makhutova, O. N., Kalachova, G. S., Kravchuk, E. S., and Ivanova, E. A. (2004). Associating particulate essential fatty acids of the x3 family with phytoplankton species composition in a Siberian reservoir. Freshwater Biology 49, 1206–1219.
| Associating particulate essential fatty acids of the x3 family with phytoplankton species composition in a Siberian reservoir.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotFyhsrg%3D&md5=7e63d73b36b887c931b0ff4a8d2aeea6CAS |
Sushchik, N. N., Yurchenko, Y. A., Gladyshev, M. I., Belevich, O. E., Kalachova, G. S., and Kolmakova, A. A. (2013). Comparison of fatty acid contents and composition in major lipid classes of larvae and adults of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from a steppe region. Insect Science 20, 585–600.
| Comparison of fatty acid contents and composition in major lipid classes of larvae and adults of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from a steppe region.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsVOgt7nP&md5=94492d7b1d77ff89fdfb4c1407365aeeCAS |
Szadziewski, R., Golovatyuk, L. V., Sontag, E., Urbanek, A., and Zinchenko, T. D. (2016). All stages of the Palaearctic predaceous midge Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4137, 85–94.
| All stages of the Palaearctic predaceous midge Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Turner, N., Else, P. L., and Hulbert, A. J. (2003). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of membranes determines molecular activity of the sodium pump: implications for disease states and metabolism. Naturwissenschaften 90, 521–523.
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of membranes determines molecular activity of the sodium pump: implications for disease states and metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovVKms70%3D&md5=ba116d533ff3407aa930da6cb7ad3703CAS |
Turner, N., Else, P. L., and Hulbert, A. J. (2005). An allometric comparison of microsomal membrane lipid composition and sodium pump molecular activity in the brain of mammals and birds. The Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 371–381.
| An allometric comparison of microsomal membrane lipid composition and sodium pump molecular activity in the brain of mammals and birds.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit1Gls70%3D&md5=65b4de000fee421be38a6bbc6c3e2599CAS |
Twining, C. W., Brenna, J. T., Lawrence, P., Shipley, J. R., Tollefson, T. N., and Winkler, D. W. (2016). Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids support aerial insectivore performance more than food quantity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113, 10920–10925.
| Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids support aerial insectivore performance more than food quantity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsFWls7vL&md5=2452587637b518706c0dc81df2b46eceCAS |
Velasco, J., Millán, A., Hernández, J., Gutiérrez, C., Abellán, P., Sánchez, D., and Ruiz, M. (2006). Response of biotic communities to salinity changes in a Mediterranean hyper stream. Saline Systems 2, 12–15.
| Response of biotic communities to salinity changes in a Mediterranean hyper stream.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Weber, J.-M. (2011). Metabolic fuels: regulating fluxes to select mix. The Journal of Experimental Biology 214, 286–294.
| Metabolic fuels: regulating fluxes to select mix.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjtFCnsLc%3D&md5=5d15f5e1a83c8c6e0f7d15af75c5e6b4CAS |
Weerecon, A. C. J. (1953). On the behavior of certain Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London – A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 28, 85–92.
Whiles, M. R., Gladyshev, M. I., Sushchik, N. N., Makhutova, O. N., Kalachova, G. S., Peterson, S. D., and Regester, K. J. (2010). Fatty acid analyses reveal high degrees of omnivory and dietary plasticity in pond-dwelling tadpoles. Freshwater Biology 55, 1533–1547.
| Fatty acid analyses reveal high degrees of omnivory and dietary plasticity in pond-dwelling tadpoles.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpsFSisLw%3D&md5=f20fa0a0710090d35c138a8724af82e9CAS |
Winberg, G. G. (Ed.) (1971). ‘Methods for the Estimation of Production of Aquatic Animals.’ (Academic Press: London, UK.)
Wright, T. (2011). Month and depth-based interstitial food webs of Mayfield Creek, a third-order Sandy-Bottomed Stream in Bibb County, Alabama. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AB, USA.
Zinchenko, T. D., and Golovatyuk, L. V. (2013). Salinity tolerance of benthic organisms in river waters: a review. Arid Ecosystems 3, 113–121.
| Salinity tolerance of benthic organisms in river waters: a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zinchenko, T. D., Gladyshev, M. I., Makhutova, O. N., Sushchik, N. N., Kalachova, G. S., and Golovatyuk, L. V. (2014). Rivers provide arid landscapes with a considerable amount of biochemically valuable production of chironomid (Diptera) larvae. Hydrobiologia 722, 115–128.
| Rivers provide arid landscapes with a considerable amount of biochemically valuable production of chironomid (Diptera) larvae.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |