Baseline biogeochemical data from Australia’s continental margin links seabed sediments to water column characteristics

Lynda Radke; Tony Nicholas; Peter A. Thompson; Jin Li; Eric Raes; Matthew Carey; Ian Atkinson; Zhi Huang; Janice Trafford; Scott Nichol

doi:10.1071/MF16219

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Baseline biogeochemical data from Australia’s continental margin links seabed sediments to water column characteristics

Lynda Radke ^A ^D , Tony Nicholas ^A , Peter A. Thompson ^B , Jin Li ^A , Eric Raes ^C , Matthew Carey ^A , Ian Atkinson ^A , Zhi Huang ^A , Janice Trafford ^A and Scott Nichol ^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A National Earth and Marine Observations Group, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

^B CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

^C Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.

^D Corresponding author. Email: lynda.radke@ga.gov.au

Marine and Freshwater Research 68(9) 1593-1617 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16219
Submitted: 17 June 2016 Accepted: 10 November 2016 Published: 16 January 2017

Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2017 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND

Abstract

Surficial marine sediments are an important source of nutrients for productivity and biodiversity, yet the biogeochemistry of these sediments is poorly known in Australia. Seabed samples were collected at >350 locations in Australia’s western, northern and eastern continental margins during Federal Government surveys (2007–14). Parameters analysed included measures of organic matter (OM) source (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and C : N ratios), concentration (percentage total organic carbon, %TOC, and surface area-normalised TOC, OC : SA) and bioavailability (chlorin indices, total reactive chlorins, total oxygen uptake, total sediment metabolism (TSM), sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and SOD and TSM normalised against TOC). The aim of the present study was to summarise these biogeochemical ‘baseline’ data and make contextualised inferences about processes that govern the observed concentrations. The OM was primarily from marine sources and the OC : SA broadly reflected water column productivity (based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS). Approximately 40% of sediments were organic poor by global standards, reflecting seawater oligotrophy; ~12% were organic rich due to benthic production, high water column productivity and pockmark formation. OM freshness varied due to pigment degradation in water columns and dilution with refractory OM in reworked sediments. δ¹⁵N values confirmed the importance of N₂ fixation to Timor Sea productivity, and point to recycling of fixed nitrogen within food chains in Western Australia.

Additional keywords: diazotroph, Fe, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, Trichodesmium.

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