Stable isotopes in biota reflect the graduated influence of sewage effluent along a tropical macro-tidal creek
Kanchana Niwanthi Warnakulasooriya A C , Edward Charles Villers Butler B , Karen Susanne Gibb A and Niels Crosley Munksgaard A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, NT 0810, Australia.
B Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, NT 0811, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: kanchana.warnakulasooriya@cdu.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 68(10) 1855-1866 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF16080
Submitted: 14 March 2016 Accepted: 22 December 2016 Published: 8 March 2017
Abstract
In hydrodynamically complex environments, where conventional water-quality parameters may not adequately quantify sewage influence, stable isotopes in time-integrating biological tissues may provide an alternative monitoring tool. We measured nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios and concentrations in mangrove leaves and muscle tissues of two species of gastropod snails to determine the dispersion and biological assimilation of sewage-derived nutrients in a macro-tidal creek. The values of stable isotope of nitrogen (δ15N) in mangrove leaves and gastropods from the affected creek were significantly higher than those in samples from an unaffected creek, reflecting a graduated influence of sewage-derived N. The δ15N values in mangrove leaves showed high repeatability between sampling rounds and this, coupled with ease of sampling, makes them an effective monitoring tool to trace the influence of sewage effluent in receiving waters. The combined use of values of δ15N and stable isotope of carbon in gastropods showed some promise as a monitoring tool, but intra- and inter-specific variations in isotope values due to spatial differences in available food sources may affect their reliability in tracing sewage influence.
Additional keywords: biomonitoring, benthos, nutrient dynamics, sedimentation.
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