High-resolution movements of critically endangered hawksbill turtles help elucidate conservation requirements in northern Australia
Xavier Hoenner A G I , Scott D. Whiting B H , Mark Hamann C , Colin J. Limpus D , Mark A. Hindell E and Clive R. McMahon A E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
B Department of Land Resource Management, PO Box 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.
C School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
D Department of Environment and Resource Management, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
E Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
F Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia.
G Present address: Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
H Present address: Department of Parks and Wildlife, Bentley Delivery Centre, Locked Bag 104, Bentley, WA 6983, Australia.
I Corresponding author. Email: xavier.hoenner@utas.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(8) 1263-1278 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15013
Submitted: 13 January 2015 Accepted: 4 May 2015 Published: 16 September 2015
Abstract
Despite being critically endangered, the at-sea behaviour of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) remains insufficiently understood to support a global conservation strategy. Habitat location and spatial use are poorly documented, which is particularly true for the globally important Australian hawksbill population. We equipped 10 adult female hawksbill turtles nesting on Groote Eylandt, northern Australia, with Fastloc GPS and Argos satellite transmitters. We quantified fine-scale habitat use and area-restricted search behaviour, and located potential feeding and developmental habitats by simulating hatchling turtle dispersal patterns by using a particle-tracking hydrological model. During the breeding season, females mostly remained near their nesting site. Post-breeding, all turtles migrated to foraging sites on the Australian continental shelf, primarily in the Gulf of Carpentaria in coastal seagrass pastures, but also offshore near coral-reef platforms. The distribution of adult foraging grounds was similar to simulated dispersal patterns of hatchling turtles from distant rookeries, thus highlighting the ecological significance of the Gulf of Carpentaria for hawksbill turtles. Although this hawksbill turtle population is likely to be endemic to Australian waters, national and international conservation initiatives are required to mitigate sources of anthropogenic mortality (e.g. illegal tortoise-shell trade, incidental captures in fishing gear, marine debris, seabed mining exploitation).
Additional keywords: Eretmochelys imbricata, home range, particle-dispersal models, satellite tracking, state–space models.
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