Genetic population structure and recruitment patterns of three sympatric shallow-water penaeid prawns in Ungwana Bay, Kenya, with implication for fisheries management
Thomas K. Mkare A C , Sophie von der Heyden A , Johan C. Groeneveld B and Conrad A. Matthee A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
B Oceanographic Research Institute, PO Box 10712, Marine Parade, 4056 Durban, South Africa.
C Present Address: Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Marine and Coastal Division, PO Box 81651–80100, Mombasa, Kenya.
D Corresponding author. Email: cam@sun.ac.za
Marine and Freshwater Research 65(3) 255-266 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF13047
Submitted: 15 February 2013 Accepted: 22 July 2013 Published: 18 October 2013
Abstract
Penaeid prawns in Ungwana Bay, Kenya, are heavily exploited by artisanal fishers and industrial bottom trawlers. Human activities in mangrove and estuarine areas may affect prawn nursery habitats and influence juvenile recruitment to fished areas, therefore it was important to investigate recruitment patterns in the bay. To test the hypotheses that single genetic stocks exist, we utilised a combination of mtDNA sequence and microsatellite data. Three dominant sympatric species, Penaeus monodon, Fenneropenaeus indicus and Metapenaeus monoceros were targeted. Sample sites were chosen to represent the bulk of fishery activities, and included estuarine juveniles and offshore adults. An exceptionally high mtDNA haplotype diversity, coupled with low nucleotide diversity was observed for all three species and there was no genetic differentiation among sampling sites. Genetic panmixia was confirmed by the microsatellite analyses of P. monodon. Juveniles that recruit to adult populations in Ungwana Bay most likely originate from local estuaries, and conservation of the prawn nursery habitats along the edges of the bay is advocated. Each of the three species represents a single management unit, and the identification of spatial management strategies to mitigate resource-user conflicts should rather consider other ecological and socio-economic factors than the genetic delineation of stocks.
Additional keywords: Fenneropenaeus indicus, fisheries management, Metapenaeus monoceros, microsatellite, mtDNA, Penaeus monodon.
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