Register      Login
Marine and Freshwater Research Marine and Freshwater Research Society
Advances in the aquatic sciences
INTRODUCTION

Science behind management of Shark Bay and Florida Bay, two P-limited subtropical systems with different climatology and human pressures

Gary A. Kendrick A G , James W. Fourqurean B , Matthew W. Fraser A , Michael R. Heithaus C , Gary Jackson D , Kim Friedman A E and David Hallac F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

B Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.

C Department of Biological Sciences, School of the Environment, Arts and Society, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.

D Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.

E DEC Marine Science Program, Department of Environment and Conservation, 17 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.

F Yellowstone Center for Resources, PO Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA.

G Corresponding author. Email: gary.kendrick@uwa.edu.au

Marine and Freshwater Research 63(11) 941-951 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF12280
Submitted: 30 September 2012  Accepted: 2 October 2012   Published: 26 November 2012

Abstract

This special issue on ‘Science for the management of subtropical embayments: examples from Shark Bay and Florida Bay’ is a valuable compilation of individual research outcomes from Florida Bay and Shark Bay from the past decade and addresses gaps in our scientific knowledge base in Shark Bay especially. Yet the compilation also demonstrates excellent research that is poorly integrated, and driven by interests and issues that do not necessarily lead to a more integrated stewardship of the marine natural values of either Shark Bay or Florida Bay. Here we describe the status of our current knowledge, introduce the valuable extension of the current knowledge through the papers in this issue and then suggest some future directions. For management, there is a need for a multidisciplinary international science program that focusses research on the ecological resilience of Shark Bay and Florida Bay, the effect of interactions between physical environmental drivers and biological control through behavioural and trophic interactions, and all under increased anthropogenic stressors. Shark Bay offers a ‘pristine template’ for this scale of study.


References

Anderson, P. K. (1982). Studies of dugongs at Shark Bay, Western Australia. II. Surface and subsurface observations. Australian Wildlife Research 9, 85–99.
Studies of dugongs at Shark Bay, Western Australia. II. Surface and subsurface observations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Anderson, P. K. (2009). Shark Bay dugongs (Dugong dugon) in summer. II Foragers in a Haladule-dominated community. Mammalia 62, 409–426.

Atkinson, M. J. (1987). Low phosphorus sediments in a hypersaline marine bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 24, 335–347.
Low phosphorus sediments in a hypersaline marine bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXksVGrs7g%3D&md5=dd50bd1e4d5e7dea82658d7f3f3074baCAS |

Bejder, L., Samuels, A., Whitehead, H., Gales, N., Mann, J., Connor, R., Heithaus, M., Watson-Capps, J., Flaherty, C., and Kruetzen, M. (2006). Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins exposed to long-term disturbance. Conservation Biology 20, 1791–1798.
Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins exposed to long-term disturbance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Belicka, L. L., Burkholder, D., Fourqurean, J. W., Heithaus, M. R., Macko, S. A., and Jaffe, R. (2012). Stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers of seagrass, epiphytic, and algal organic matter to consumers in a pristine seagrass ecosystem. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1085–1097.
Stable isotope and fatty acid biomarkers of seagrass, epiphytic, and algal organic matter to consumers in a pristine seagrass ecosystem.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bosence, D. (1989a). Biogenic carbonate production in Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 44, 419–433.

Bosence, D. (1989b). Surface sublittoral sediments of Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 44, 434–453.

Bosence, D. (1995). Anatomy of a recent biodetrital mud-mound, Florida Bay, USA. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 23, 475–493.

Boyer, J. N., Fourqurean, J. W., and Jones, R. D. (1997). Spatial characterization of water quality in Florida Bay and Whitewater Bay by multivariate analyses: zones of similar influence. Estuaries 20, 743–758.
Spatial characterization of water quality in Florida Bay and Whitewater Bay by multivariate analyses: zones of similar influence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtVSmuw%3D%3D&md5=ea6f63e6ec0e1be81d70b64b0f834a26CAS |

Burkholder, D. A., Heithaus, M. R., and Fourqurean, J. W. (2012). Feeding preferences of herbivores in a relatively pristine subtropical seagrass ecosystem. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1051–1058.
Feeding preferences of herbivores in a relatively pristine subtropical seagrass ecosystem.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Burkholder, D., Fourqurean, J. W., and Heithaus, M. R. (). Spatial pattern in seagrass stoichiometry indicates both N-limited and P-limited regions of an iconic P-limited subtropical bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series , .

Burling, M. C., Ivey, G. N., and Pattiaratchi, C. B. (1999). Connectively driven exchange in a shallow coastal embayment. Continental Shelf Research 19, 1599–1616.
Connectively driven exchange in a shallow coastal embayment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Burling, M. C., Pattiaratchi, C. B., and Ivey, G. N. (2003). The tidal regime of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57, 725–735.
The tidal regime of Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Burne, R., and Johnson, K. (2012). Sea-level variation and the zonation of microbialites in Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 994–1004.
Sea-level variation and the zonation of microbialites in Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cambridge, M. L., Fraser, M. W., Holmer, M., Kuo, J., and Kendrick, G. A. (2012). Hydrogen sulfide intrusion in seagrasses from Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1027–1038.
Hydrogen sulfide intrusion in seagrasses from Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cawley, K. M., Ding, Y., Fourqurean, J. W., and Jaffe, R. (2012). Characterising the sources and fate of dissolved organic matter in Shark Bay, Australia: a preliminary study using optical properties and stable carbon isotopes. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1098–1107.
Characterising the sources and fate of dissolved organic matter in Shark Bay, Australia: a preliminary study using optical properties and stable carbon isotopes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chandrapavan, A., Kangas, M. I., and Sporer, E. (2012). Performance of square-mesh codends in reducing discards and by-catch in the Shark Bay scallop fishery. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1142–1151.
Performance of square-mesh codends in reducing discards and by-catch in the Shark Bay scallop fishery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Connor, R. C., Smolker, R. A., and Richards, A. F. (1992). Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins Tursiops sp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89, 987–990.
Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins Tursiops sp.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrmtFejtQ%3D%3D&md5=513508e84e4d5a42067a7c594fea35a8CAS |

Corbett, D. R., Chanton, J., Burnett, W., Dillon, K., Rutkowski, C., and Fourqurean, J. W. (1999). Patterns of groundwater discharge into Florida Bay. Limnology and Oceanography 44, 1045–1055.
Patterns of groundwater discharge into Florida Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktFOiu7Y%3D&md5=993b954517dddefafccab90e67ba3d7eCAS |

Davis, G. E., and Dodrill, J. W. (1989). Recreational fishery and population dynamics of spiny lobsters, (Panulius Argus) in Florida Bay, Everglades. Bulletin of Marine Science 44, 78–88.

de Kanel, J., and Morse, J. W. (1978). The chemistry of orthophosphate uptake from seawater onto calcite and aragonite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 42, 1335–1340.
The chemistry of orthophosphate uptake from seawater onto calcite and aragonite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXhtFSnu7g%3D&md5=499c2241f6160e228d1d7b376dc1e1c5CAS |

Fourqurean, J. W., and Robblee, M. B. (1999). Florida Bay: a history of recent ecological changes. Estuaries 22, 345–357.
Florida Bay: a history of recent ecological changes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVOmsbY%3D&md5=345965c3752d2e381cc7a34bf1850d5dCAS |

Fourqurean, J. W., and Zieman, J. C. (1992). Phosphorus limitation of primary production in Florida Bay: evidence from C : N : P ratios of the dominant seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Limnology and Oceanography 37, 162–171.
Phosphorus limitation of primary production in Florida Bay: evidence from C : N : P ratios of the dominant seagrass Thalassia testudinum.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xktleitbs%3D&md5=5bee7e8b99f1608ecb2b3c8104e86969CAS |

Fourqurean, J. W., and Zieman, J. C. (2002). Nutrient content of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum reveals regional patterns of relative availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Florida Keys USA. Biogeochemistry 61, 229–245.
Nutrient content of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum reveals regional patterns of relative availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Florida Keys USA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntVKjurY%3D&md5=1d7518f5d2ae5464f051214fdec7aefeCAS |

Fourqurean, J. W., Jones, R. D., and Zieman, J. C. (1993). Processes influencing water column nutrient characteristics and phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Florida Bay, FL, USA: inferences from spatial distributions. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 36, 295–314.
Processes influencing water column nutrient characteristics and phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Florida Bay, FL, USA: inferences from spatial distributions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsVKjsb0%3D&md5=b37dbcb38d3f6ba9726736af93ab236eCAS |

Fourqurean, J. W., Powell, G. V. N., Kenworthy, W. J., and Zieman, J. C. (1995). The effects of long-term manipulation of nutrient supply on competition between the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii in Florida Bay. Oikos 72, 349–358.
The effects of long-term manipulation of nutrient supply on competition between the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Halodule wrightii in Florida Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fourqurean, J. W., Willsie, A., Rose, C. D., and Rutten, L. M. (2001). Spatial and temporal pattern in seagrass community composition and productivity in south Florida. Marine Biology 138, 341–354.
Spatial and temporal pattern in seagrass community composition and productivity in south Florida.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fourqurean, J. W., Boyer, J. N., Durako, M. J., Hefty, L. N., and Peterson, B. J. (2003). Forecasting responses of seagrass distributions to changing water quality using monitoring data. Ecological Applications 13, 474–489.
Forecasting responses of seagrass distributions to changing water quality using monitoring data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fourqurean, J. W., Kendrick, G. A., Collins, L. S., Chambers, R. M., and Vanderklift, M. A. (2012). Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage in subtropical seagrass meadows: examples from Florida Bay and Shark Bay. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 967–983.
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage in subtropical seagrass meadows: examples from Florida Bay and Shark Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fraser, M. W., Kendrick, G. A., Grierson, P. F., Fourqurean, J. W., Vanderklift, M. A., and Walker, D. I. (2012). Nutrient status of seagrasses cannot be inferred from system-scale distribution of phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1015–1026.
Nutrient status of seagrasses cannot be inferred from system-scale distribution of phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gales, N., McCauley, R. D., Lanyon, J., and Holley, D. (2004). Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration. Wildlife Research 31, 283–290.
Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hallac, D., Sadle, J., Pearlstine, L., Herling, F., and Shinde, D. (2012). Boating impacts in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida USA: links with physical and visitor-use factors and implications for management. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1117–1128.
Boating impacts in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida USA: links with physical and visitor-use factors and implications for management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Harris, D., Johnston, D., Sporer, E., Kangas, M., Felipe, N., and Caputi, N. (2012). Biology and management of a multi-sector blue swimmer crab fishery in a subtropical embayment – Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1165–1179.
Biology and management of a multi-sector blue swimmer crab fishery in a subtropical embayment – Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heithaus, M. R. (2001). The biology of tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier, in Shark Bay, Western Australia: sex ratio, size distribution, diet, and seasonal changes in catch rates. Environmental Biology of Fishes 61, 25–36.
The biology of tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier, in Shark Bay, Western Australia: sex ratio, size distribution, diet, and seasonal changes in catch rates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heithaus, M. R., and Dill, L. M. (2002). Food availability and tiger shark predation risk influence bottlenose dolphin habitat use. Ecology 83, 480–491.
Food availability and tiger shark predation risk influence bottlenose dolphin habitat use.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heithaus, M. R., Wirsing, A. J., Dill, L. M., and Heithaus, L. I. (2007). Long-term movements of tiger sharks satellite-tagged in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine Biology 151, 1455–1461.
Long-term movements of tiger sharks satellite-tagged in Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heithaus, M. R., Frid, A., Wirsing, A. J., and Worm, B. (2008). Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 202–210.
Predicting ecological consequences of marine top predator declines.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heithaus, M. R., Wirsing, A. J., and Dill, L. M. (2012). The ecological importance of intact top-predator populations: a synthesis of 15 years of research in a seagrass ecosystem. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1039–1050.
The ecological importance of intact top-predator populations: a synthesis of 15 years of research in a seagrass ecosystem.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Herbert, D. A., Perry, W. B., Cosby, B. J., and Fourqurean, J. W. (2011). Projected reorganization of Florida Bay seagrass communities in response to the increased freshwater inflow of Everglades restoration. Estuaries and Coasts 34, 973–992.
Projected reorganization of Florida Bay seagrass communities in response to the increased freshwater inflow of Everglades restoration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpsFartrk%3D&md5=5b35d95254c41084a23435b735a18468CAS |

Holley, D. K., Lawler, I. R., and Gales, N. J. (2006). Summer survey of dugong distribution and abundance in Shark Bay reveals additional key habitat area. Wildlife Research 33, 243–250.
Summer survey of dugong distribution and abundance in Shark Bay reveals additional key habitat area.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hutchins, B. (1990). ‘Fish Survey of South Passage, Shark Bay, Western Australia.’ (Western Australian Museum: Perth.)

Jackson, G., and Moran, M. (2012). Recovery of inner Shark Bay snapper (Pagrus auratus) stocks: relevant research and adaptive recreational fisheries management in a World Heritage context. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1180–1190.
Recovery of inner Shark Bay snapper (Pagrus auratus) stocks: relevant research and adaptive recreational fisheries management in a World Heritage context.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jackson, J. B. C., Kirby, M. X., Berger, W. H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L. W., Bourque, B. J., Bradbury, R. H., Cooke, R., Erlandson, J., Estes, J. A., Hughes, T. P., Kidwell, S., Lange, C. B., Lenihan, H. S., Pandolfi, J. M., Peterson, C. H., Steneck, R. S., Tegner, M. J., and Warner, R. R. (2001). Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293, 629–637.
Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXls1Khu7o%3D&md5=98ccd86049f9fdc8323e27948a1366d1CAS |

Kangas, M. I., Morrison, S., Unsworth, P., Lai, E., Wright, I., and Thomson, A. (2007). Development of biodiversity and habitat monitoring systems for key trawl fisheries in Western Australia. Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, Perth.

Kendrick, G. A., Walker, D. I., and McComb, A. J. (1988). Changes in distribution of macro-algal epiphytes on stems of the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica along a salinity gradient in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Phycologia 27, 201–208.
Changes in distribution of macro-algal epiphytes on stems of the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica along a salinity gradient in Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kendrick, G. A., Huisman, J. M., and Walker, D. I. (1990). Benthic macroalgae of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Botanica Marina 33, 47–54.
Benthic macroalgae of Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Koch, M. S., Schopmeyer, S. A., Holmer, M., Madden, C. J., and Khyn-Hansen, C. (2007). Thalassia testudinum response to the interactive stressors hypersalinity, sulfide and hypoxia. Aquatic Botany 87, 104–110.
Thalassia testudinum response to the interactive stressors hypersalinity, sulfide and hypoxia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntF2rtb4%3D&md5=997f32279c1fdf56ce67f1bcd8770026CAS |

Kruczinsky, W. L., and Fletcher, P. J. (2012). ‘Tropical Connections: South Florida’s Marine Environment.’ (IAN Press: Cambridge, MD.)

Lenanton, R. C. J. (1977). Fishes from hypersaline waters of the stromatolite zone of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Copeia , 387–390.
Fishes from hypersaline waters of the stromatolite zone of Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lewis, J. S., and Schroeder, W. W. (2003). Mud plume feeding, a unique foraging behaviour of the bottlenose dolphin in the Florida Keys. Gulf of Mexico Science 21, 92–97.

Ley, J. A., McIvor, C. C., and Montague, C. L. (1999). Fishes in mangrove prop-root habitats of northeastern Florida Bay: distinct assemblages across an estuarine gradient. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 48, 701–723.
Fishes in mangrove prop-root habitats of northeastern Florida Bay: distinct assemblages across an estuarine gradient.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Loftus, W. F. (2000). Inventory of fishes of Everglades National Park. Florida Scientist 63, 27–47.

Logan, B. W., and Cebulski, D. E. (1970). Sedimentary environments of Shark Bay, Western Australia. In ‘Carbonate Sedimentation and Environments, Shark Bay, Western Australia’. (Ed. B. W. Logan.) pp. 1–38. (The American Association of Petroleum Geologists: Tulsa, OK.)

Lorenz, J. J., Langan-Mulrooney, B., Frezza, P. E., Harvey, R. G., and Mazzotti, F. J. (2009). Roseate spoonbill reproduction as an indicator for restoration of the Everglades and the Everglades estuaries. Ecological Indicators 9, S96–S107.
Roseate spoonbill reproduction as an indicator for restoration of the Everglades and the Everglades estuaries.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mann, J., Connor, R. C., Barre, L. M., and Heithaus, M. R. (2000). Female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.): life history, habitat, provisioning, and group-size effects. Behavioral Ecology 11, 210–219.
Female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.): life history, habitat, provisioning, and group-size effects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Marsh, H., Prince, R. I. T., Saalfeld, W. K., and Shepherd, R. (1994). The distribution and abundance of the dugong in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Wildlife Research 21, 149–161.
The distribution and abundance of the dugong in Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Marshall, F. E., Wingard, G. L., and Pitts, P. (2009). A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models. Estuaries and Coasts 32, 37–53.
A simulation of historic hydrology and salinity in Everglades National Park: coupling paleoecologic assemblage data with regression models.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mueller, U., Kangas, M., Sporer, E., and Caputi, N. (2012). Variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the saucer scallop Amusium balloti, in Shark Bay – management implications. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1152–1164.
Variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the saucer scallop Amusium balloti, in Shark Bay – management implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Norriss, J., Moran, M., and Jackson, G. (2012). Tagging studies reveal restricted movement of snapper (Pagrus auratus) within Shark Bay, supporting fine-scale fisheries management. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1191–1199.
Tagging studies reveal restricted movement of snapper (Pagrus auratus) within Shark Bay, supporting fine-scale fisheries management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nott, J. (2011). A 6000 year tropical cyclone record from Western Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, 713–722.
A 6000 year tropical cyclone record from Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Nuttle, W. K., Fourqurean, J. W., Cosby, B. J., Zieman, J. C., and Robblee, M. B. (2000). Influence of net freshwater supply on salinity in Florida Bay. Water Resources Research 36, 1805–1822.
Influence of net freshwater supply on salinity in Florida Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Olson, E. L., Salomon, A. K., Wirsing, A. J., and Heithaus, M. R. (2012). Large-scale movement patterns of male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Shark Bay, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1108–1116.
Large-scale movement patterns of male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Shark Bay, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Powell, G. V. N., Kenworthy, W. J., and Fourqurean, J. W. (1989). Experimental evidence for nutrient limitation of seagrass limitation of seagrass growth in a tropical estuary with restricted circulation. Bulletin of Marine Science 44, 324–340.

Preen, A. R., Marsh, H., Lawler, I. R., Prince, R. I. T., and Shepherd, R. (1997). Distribution and abundance of dugongs, turtles, dolphins and other megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia. Wildlife Research 24, 185–208.
Distribution and abundance of dugongs, turtles, dolphins and other megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Price, R. M., Swart, P. K., and Fourqurean, J. W. (2006). Coastal groundwater discharge – an additional source of phosphorus for the oligotrophic wetlands of the Everglades. Hydrobiologia 569, 23–36.
Coastal groundwater discharge – an additional source of phosphorus for the oligotrophic wetlands of the Everglades.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsFyjtbw%3D&md5=23ee208287b568f53fede5e9a230642dCAS |

Price, R. M., Skrzypek, G., Grierson, P. F., Swart, P. K., and Fourqurean, J. W. (2012). The use of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to identify water sources in two hypersaline estuaries with different hydrologic regimes. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 952–966.
The use of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to identify water sources in two hypersaline estuaries with different hydrologic regimes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rudnick, D. T., Chen, Z., Childers, D. L., Boyer, J. N., and Fontaine, T. D. (1999). Phosphorus and nitrogen inputs into Florida Bay: the importance of the Everglades watershed. Estuaries 22, 398–416.
Phosphorus and nitrogen inputs into Florida Bay: the importance of the Everglades watershed.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVOmtr4%3D&md5=674667a389529e48a4a5f1a143d43565CAS |

Sargeant, B. L., Wirsing, A. J., Heithaus, M. R., and Mann, J. (2007). Can environmental heterogeneity explain individual foraging variation in wild dolphins (Tursiops sp.)? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61, 679–688.

Shaw, J. (2000). Fisheries environmental management review: Gascoyne region. Fisheries Western Australia, Perth.

Smith, S. V. (1984). Phosphorus limitation of net production in a confined aquatic ecosystem. Nature 307, 626–627.
Phosphorus limitation of net production in a confined aquatic ecosystem.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhtVykur0%3D&md5=8ff3fd50b697f4fc38f346518807fa6eCAS |

Smith, S., and Atkinson, M. (1983). Mass balance of carbon and phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Limnology and Oceanography 28, 625–639.
Mass balance of carbon and phosphorus in Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXltFSgsLY%3D&md5=28825cacfaab30d66e36e58af857e441CAS |

Smolker, R. A., Richards, A. F., Connor, R. C., and Pepper, J. W. (1992). Sex differences in patterns of association among Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins. Behaviour 123, 38–69.
Sex differences in patterns of association among Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Statton, J., Dixon, K. W., Hovey, R. K., and Kendrick, G. A. (2012). A comparative assessment of approaches and outcomes for seagrass revegetation in Shark Bay and Florida Bay. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 984–993.
A comparative assessment of approaches and outcomes for seagrass revegetation in Shark Bay and Florida Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sutula, M., Day, J. W., Cable, J., and Rudnick, D. T. (2001). Hydrological and nutrient budgets of freshwater and estuarine wetlands of Taylor Slough in Southern Everglades, Florida (U.S.A.). Biogeochemistry 56, 287–310.
Hydrological and nutrient budgets of freshwater and estuarine wetlands of Taylor Slough in Southern Everglades, Florida (U.S.A.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tabb, D. C., Dubrow, D. L., and Manning, R. B. (1962). The ecology of northern Florida Bay and adjacent estuaries. State of Florida Board of Conservation, Miami, FL.

Thayer, G. W., Powell, A. B., and Hoss, D. E. (1999). Composition of larval, juvenile, and small adult fishes relative to changes in environmental conditions in Florida Bay. Estuaries 22, 518–533.
Composition of larval, juvenile, and small adult fishes relative to changes in environmental conditions in Florida Bay.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tilmant, J. T. (1989). A history and an overview of recent trends in the fisheries of Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 44, 3–22.

Torres, L. G., and Read, A. J. (2009). Where to catch a fish? The influence of foraging tactics on the ecology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida Bay, Florida. Marine Mammal Science 25, 797–815.
Where to catch a fish? The influence of foraging tactics on the ecology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida Bay, Florida.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Torres, L. G., Heithaus, M. R., and Delius, B. (2006). Influence of teleost abundance on the distribution and abundance of sharks in Florida Bay, USA. Hydrobiologia 569, 449–455.
Influence of teleost abundance on the distribution and abundance of sharks in Florida Bay, USA.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Torres, L. G., Read, A. J., and Halpin, P. (2008). Fine-scale habitat modeling of a top marine predator: do prey data improve predictive capacity? Ecological Applications 18, 1702–1717.
Fine-scale habitat modeling of a top marine predator: do prey data improve predictive capacity?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Travers, M. J., and Potter, I. C. (2002). Factors influencing the characteristics of fish assemblages in a large subtropical marine embayment. Journal of Fish Biology 61, 764–784.
Factors influencing the characteristics of fish assemblages in a large subtropical marine embayment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vaudo, J. J., and Heithaus, M. R. (2009). Spatiotemporal variability in a sandflat elasmobranch fauna in Shark Bay, Australia. Marine Biology 156, 2579–2590.
Spatiotemporal variability in a sandflat elasmobranch fauna in Shark Bay, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vaudo, J. J., and Heithaus, M. R. (2012). Diel and seasonal variation in the use of a nearshore sandflat by a ray community in a near pristine system. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1077–1084.
Diel and seasonal variation in the use of a nearshore sandflat by a ray community in a near pristine system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Walker, D. I. (1985). Correlations between salinity and growth of the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica (labill.) Sonder & Aschers., in Shark Bay, Western Australia, using a new method for measuring production rate. Aquatic Botany 23, 13–26.
Correlations between salinity and growth of the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica (labill.) Sonder & Aschers., in Shark Bay, Western Australia, using a new method for measuring production rate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Walker, D. I., and Woelkerling, W. J. (1988). Quantitative study of sediment contribution by epiphytic coralline red algae in seagrass meadows in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 43, 71–77.
Quantitative study of sediment contribution by epiphytic coralline red algae in seagrass meadows in Shark Bay, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXit1Knsb0%3D&md5=e0026d6ff987f4e0f65cd2a19c5804e9CAS |

Walker, D. I., Kendrick, G. A., and McComb, A. J. (1988). The distribution of seagrass species in Shark Bay, Western Australia, with notes on their ecology. Aquatic Botany 30, 305–317.
The distribution of seagrass species in Shark Bay, Western Australia, with notes on their ecology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wang, J. D., van de Kreeke, J., Krishnan, N., and Smith, D. (1994). Wind and tide response in Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 54, 579–601.

Wanless, H. R., and Tagett, M. G. (1989). Origin, growth and evolution of carbonate mudbanks in Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 44, 454–489.

White, W. T., and Potter, I. C. (2004). Habitat partitioning among four elasmobranch species in nearshore, shallow waters of a subtropical embayment in Western Australia. Marine Biology 145, 1023–1032.
Habitat partitioning among four elasmobranch species in nearshore, shallow waters of a subtropical embayment in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wiley, T. R., and Simpfendorfer, C. A. (2007). The ecology of elasmobranchs occurring in the Everglades National Park, Florida: implications for conservation and management. Bulletin of Marine Science 80, 171–189.

Wirsing, A. J., and Heithaus, M. R. (2012). Behavioural transition probabilities in dugongs change with habitat and predator presence: implications for sirenian conservation. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1069–1076.
Behavioural transition probabilities in dugongs change with habitat and predator presence: implications for sirenian conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wirsing, A. J., Heithaus, M. R., and Dill, L. M. (2007). Living on the edge: dugongs prefer to forage in microhabitats that allow escape from rather than avoidance of predators. Animal Behaviour 74, 93–101.
Living on the edge: dugongs prefer to forage in microhabitats that allow escape from rather than avoidance of predators.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wise, B. S., Telfer, C. F., Lai, E. K. M., Hall, N. G., and Jackson, G. (2012). Long-term monitoring of boat-based recreational fishing in Shark Bay, Western Australia: providing scientific advice for sustainable management in a World Heritage Area. Marine and Freshwater Research 63, 1129–1141.
Long-term monitoring of boat-based recreational fishing in Shark Bay, Western Australia: providing scientific advice for sustainable management in a World Heritage Area.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |