Is nitrite from nitrification the only cause of microbiologically induced chloramine decay?
KC Bal Krishna A , Maneesha P Ginige B and Arumugam Sathasivan A CA School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
B CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
C Email: S.Sathasivan@westernsydney.edu.au
Microbiology Australia 39(3) 145-148 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA18044
Published: 13 August 2018
Abstract
Nitrite, produced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), was traditionally thought to be the only cause of microbiologically mediated decay of chloramine. The development and application of microbial decay factor method and bacterial community studies, for the first time have revealed many other factors such as soluble microbial products (SMPs) and bacteria other than AOB mediating the decay of chloramine.
References
[1] Trolio, R. et al. (2008) Operational management of Naegleria spp. in drinking water supplies in Western Australia. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 8, 207–215.| Operational management of Naegleria spp. in drinking water supplies in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[2] Brodtmann, N. et al. (1979) The use of chloramines for reduction of trihalomethanes and disinfection of drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 71, 40–42.
| The use of chloramines for reduction of trihalomethanes and disinfection of drinking water.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[3] Vikesland, P.J. et al. (2000) Reaction pathways involved in the reduction of monochloramine by ferrous iron. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 83–90.
| Reaction pathways involved in the reduction of monochloramine by ferrous iron.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[4] Regan, J.M. et al. (2002) Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial communities in a pilot-scale chloraminated drinking water distribution system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 73–81.
| Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial communities in a pilot-scale chloraminated drinking water distribution system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[5] Regan, J.M. et al. (2003) Diversity of nitrifying bacteria in full-scale chloraminated distribution systems. Water Res. 37, 197–205.
| Diversity of nitrifying bacteria in full-scale chloraminated distribution systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[6] Wilczak, A. et al. (1996) Occurrence of nitrification in chloraminated distribution systems. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 88, 74–85.
| Occurrence of nitrification in chloraminated distribution systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[7] Sathasivan, A. et al. (2005) Simple method for quantifying microbiologically assisted chloramine decay in drinking water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 5407–5413.
| Simple method for quantifying microbiologically assisted chloramine decay in drinking water.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[8] Sathasivan, A. et al. (2008) Onset of severe nitrification in mildly nitrifying chloraminated bulk waters and its relation to biostability. Water Res. 42, 3623–3632.
| Onset of severe nitrification in mildly nitrifying chloraminated bulk waters and its relation to biostability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[9] Bal Krishna, K.C. et al. (2013) Microbial community changes with decaying chloramine residuals in a lab-scale system. Water Res. 47, 4666–4679.
| Microbial community changes with decaying chloramine residuals in a lab-scale system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[10] Bal Krishna, K.C. et al. (2010) Does an unknown mechanism accelerate chemical chloramine decay in nitrifying waters? J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 102, 96–104.
[11] Bal Krishna, K.C. et al. (2013) Wider presence of accelerated chemical chloramine decay in severely nitrifying conditions. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 13, 1090–1098.
| Wider presence of accelerated chemical chloramine decay in severely nitrifying conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[12] Bal Krishna, K.C. et al. (2012) Evidence of soluble microbial products accelerating chloramine decay in nitrifying bulk water samples. Water Res. 46, 3977–3988.
| Evidence of soluble microbial products accelerating chloramine decay in nitrifying bulk water samples.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[13] Sathasivan, A. et al. (2011) Role of nitrification in accelerating chloramine decay through application of Microbial Decay Factor (Fm) method. Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2011; Phoenix, AZ; 13 November 2011.
[14] Taylor, R.H. et al. (2000) Chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 1702–1705.
| Chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[15] Herath, B.S. et al. (2015) Can microbes significantly accelerate chloramine decay without severe nitrification? Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation 102, 231–236.
| Can microbes significantly accelerate chloramine decay without severe nitrification?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[16] Hoefel, D. et al. (2009) Biodegradation of geosmin by a novel Gram-negative bacterium; isolation, phylogenetic characterisation and degradation rate determination. Water Res. 43, 2927–2935.
| Biodegradation of geosmin by a novel Gram-negative bacterium; isolation, phylogenetic characterisation and degradation rate determination.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[17] Ginige, M. P. et al. (2017) Effectiveness of devices to monitor biofouling and metals deposition on plumbing materials exposed to a full-scale drinking water distribution system. PloS One 12, e0169140.
| Effectiveness of devices to monitor biofouling and metals deposition on plumbing materials exposed to a full-scale drinking water distribution system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |