Pregnancy, the placenta and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection
William Rawlinson
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Pathology
Level 4, Clinical Sciences Building
Prince of Wales Hospital
Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
Tel: +61 2 9382 9113
Fax: +61 2 9398 9098
Email: w.rawlinson@unsw.edu.au
Microbiology Australia 37(4) 170-172 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA16057
Published: 29 September 2016
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been recognised in Africa and Asia since 1940. The virus is in the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, along with Dengue, Japanese encephalitis virus, Tick borne encephalitis, West Nile virus, and Yellow fever virus. These viruses share biological characteristics of an envelope, icosahedral nucleocapsid, and a non-segmented, positive sense, single-strand RNA genome of ~10kb encoding three structural proteins (capsid C pre-membrane/membrane PrM/M, envelope E), and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5). ZIKV has three known genotypes; the West African (Nigerian cluster), East African (MR766 prototype cluster), and Asian strains. Virus sequencing from the most recent South American outbreak suggests this virus is related to the 2013 French Polynesian isolates of Asian lineage.
References
[1] Marrs, C. et al. (2016) Zika virus and pregnancy: a review of the literature and clinical considerations. Am. J. Perinatol. , .| Zika virus and pregnancy: a review of the literature and clinical considerations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26939047PubMed |
[2] Bastgos, L. et al. (2016) Zika in Rio de Janeiro: assessment of basic reproductive number and its comparison with dengue. bioRxiv , 055475.
| Zika in Rio de Janeiro: assessment of basic reproductive number and its comparison with dengue.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[3] Brasil, P. et al. (2016) Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro – preliminary report. N. Engl. J. Med. , .
| Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro – preliminary report.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26943629PubMed |
[4] Araujo, T.V.B. et al. (2016) Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study. Lancet Infect. Dis. , .
| Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[5] Scott, G.M. et al. (2012) Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy with materno-fetal transmission induces a pro-inflammatory cytokine bias in placenta and amniotic fluid. J. Infect. Dis. 205, 1305–1310.
| Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy with materno-fetal transmission induces a pro-inflammatory cytokine bias in placenta and amniotic fluid.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xksl2rs7o%3D&md5=7873a10cfec0499acd9afa1d790ece95CAS | 22383678PubMed |
[6] Dontigny, L. et al. (2008) Rubella in pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 30, 152–158.
| Rubella in pregnancy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18254998PubMed |
[7] Lanciotti, R.S. et al. (2008) Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14, 1232–1239.
| Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVCnsb%2FK&md5=5c4dbc324086c27874e5b42cb36a2506CAS | 18680646PubMed |
[8] Gyurech, D. et al. (2016) False positive dengue NS1 antigen test in a traveller with an acute Zika virus infection imported into Switzerland. Swiss Med. Wkly. 146, w14296.
| 26859285PubMed |
[9] Miner, J.J. et al. (2016) Zika virus infection during pregnancy in mice causes placental damage and fetal demise. Cell 165, 1081–1091.
| Zika virus infection during pregnancy in mice causes placental damage and fetal demise.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XnslGqs70%3D&md5=fa72a5a0b06cb401795d33f42eb8524dCAS | 27180225PubMed |
[10] Tabata, T. et al. (2016) Zika virus targets different primary human placental cells, suggesting two routes for vertical transmission. Cell Host Microbe 20, 155–166.
| 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFymsbfL&md5=4515b234e3b27081fcbd8bbb2aab726bCAS | 27443522PubMed |
[11] Gourinat, A.C. et al. (2015) Detection of Zika virus in urine. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 84–86.
| Detection of Zika virus in urine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25530324PubMed |
[12] Colt, S. et al. (2016) Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily fluids: a systematic review. Bull. World Health Organ. 2, .
| Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily fluids: a systematic review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
[13] Calvet, G. et al. (2016) Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil: a case study. Lancet Infect. Dis 16, 653–660.
| Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil: a case study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26897108PubMed |
[14] Mlakar, J. et al. (2016) Zika virus associated with microcephaly. N. Engl. J. Med. 374, 951–958.
| Zika virus associated with microcephaly.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFGqsbfN&md5=341d60998da8680369614ba73dc7b214CAS | 26862926PubMed |
[15] Broutet, N. et al. (2016) Zika virus as a cause of neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 374, 1506–1509.
| Zika virus as a cause of neurologic disorders.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlOltLjJ&md5=1e852fb0f45fbbc97101b708c189ad1bCAS | 26959308PubMed |
[16] Li, C. et al. (2016) Zika virus disrupts neural progenitor development and leads to microcephaly in mice. Cell Stem Cell 19, 120–126.
| Zika virus disrupts neural progenitor development and leads to microcephaly in mice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XnslGqtro%3D&md5=a135b9baa8d778e10060cc0c39bf0d21CAS | 27179424PubMed |
[17] Klase, Z.A. et al. (2016) Zika fetal neuropathogenesis: etiology of a viral syndrome. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 10, e0004877.
| Zika fetal neuropathogenesis: etiology of a viral syndrome.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27560129PubMed |
[18] Hamilton, S.T. et al. (2012) Human cytomegalovirus induces cytokine changes in the placenta with implications for adverse pregnancy outcomes. PLoS One 7, e52899.
| Human cytomegalovirus induces cytokine changes in the placenta with implications for adverse pregnancy outcomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXptVSnsg%3D%3D&md5=40eb95918bb5549216abf6edc24aba61CAS | 23300810PubMed |
[19] Hamilton, S.T. et al. (2013) Human cytomegalovirus directly modulates expression of chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) during viral replication. J. Gen. Virol. 94, 2495–2503.
| Human cytomegalovirus directly modulates expression of chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) during viral replication.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVKjsbnJ&md5=1bd72a6e109a5aa511b01a321506b3f2CAS | 23939977PubMed |
[20] van Zuylen, W.J. et al. (2016) Human cytomegalovirus modulates expression of noncanonical Wnt receptor ROR2 to alter trophoblast migration. J. Virol. 90, 1108–1115.
| Human cytomegalovirus modulates expression of noncanonical Wnt receptor ROR2 to alter trophoblast migration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xpt1Omurk%3D&md5=113e8994a28e40f1ee8061b48a74bc41CAS |
[21] Meertens, L. et al. (2012) The TIM and TAM families of phosphatidylserine receptors mediate dengue virus entry. Cell Host Microbe 12, 544–557.
| The TIM and TAM families of phosphatidylserine receptors mediate dengue virus entry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsFClurzK&md5=f86b08586e0b975a059cc58f2b8b5493CAS | 23084921PubMed |
[22] Musso, D. et al. (2014) Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014. Euro Surveill. 19, 20761.
| Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24739982PubMed |
