Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Microbiology Australia Microbiology Australia Society
Microbiology Australia, bringing Microbiologists together
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Q fever: pets, vets and validating tests

Jacqueline M Norris A C , Katrina L Bosward A and Jane Heller B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Faculty of Veterinary Science
The University of Sydney
NSW 2006, Australia

B School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Charles Sturt University
Locked Bag 588
Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia

C Tel: +61 2 9351 7095, Email: jacqui.norris@sydney.edu.au

Microbiology Australia 34(4) 186-188 https://doi.org/10.1071/MA13064
Published: 18 September 2013

Abstract

Q fever is a highly significant worldwide zoonosis caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. The bacterium’s extreme environmental resilience and large, seemingly asymptomatic animal and arthropod reservoir, provides an easy means to travel to new hosts. Vigilance in promptly recognising clinical cases in humans and reappraisal of the potential risks from animal exposure is required. This article outlines the current evidence on the potential role of cats and dogs in transmission and provides a framework for future studies.


References

[1]  Maurin, M. and Raoult, D. (1999) Q fever. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12, 518–553.
| 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvksFCnsw%3D%3D&md5=55cf2cf5c2628ca47705399e30b29358CAS | 10515901PubMed |

[2]  Raoult, D. et al. (2005) Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever. Lancet Infect. Dis. 5, 219–226.
Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7mtFShsw%3D%3D&md5=5434b4feff88e351eae0ff5335d8e22bCAS | 15792739PubMed |

[3]  Porter, S.R. et al. (2011) Q fever: current state of knowledge and perspectives of research of a neglected zoonosis. Int. J. Microbiol. 2011, 248418.
Q fever: current state of knowledge and perspectives of research of a neglected zoonosis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22194752PubMed |

[4]  Buhariwalla, F. et al. (1996) A dog-related outbreak of Q fever. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23, 753–755.
A dog-related outbreak of Q fever.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fms1emug%3D%3D&md5=33036884ae9cc664c4a22134993f2184CAS | 8909839PubMed |

[5]  Kosatsky, T. (1984) Household outbreak of Q-fever pneumonia related to a parturient cat. Lancet 324, 1447–1449.
Household outbreak of Q-fever pneumonia related to a parturient cat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[6]  Marrie, T.J. et al. (1989) Truckin’ pneumonia: an outbreak of Q fever in a truck repair plant probably due to aerosols from clothing contaminated by contact with newborn kittens. Epidemiol. Infect. 102, 119–127.
Truckin’ pneumonia: an outbreak of Q fever in a truck repair plant probably due to aerosols from clothing contaminated by contact with newborn kittens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL1M7jslartw%3D%3D&md5=dcc5e74e39643f8db182019f5def1e48CAS | 2917613PubMed |

[7]  Marrie, T.J. et al. (1988) An outbreak of Q fever probably due to contact with a parturient cat. Chest 93, 98–103.
An outbreak of Q fever probably due to contact with a parturient cat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FotFyisg%3D%3D&md5=0ead9b44f0bb5ff2a9d66ca0c5f7c328CAS | 3335174PubMed |

[8]  Kopecny, L. et al. (2013) Investigating Coxiella burnetii infection in a breeding cattery at the centre of a Q fever outbreak. J. Feline Med. Surg. , 7 May 2013.

[9]  Langley, J.M. et al. (1988) Poker players pneumonia – an urban outbreak of Q fever following exposure to a parturient cat. N. Engl. J. Med. 319, 354–356.
Poker players pneumonia – an urban outbreak of Q fever following exposure to a parturient cat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3ns1Srtg%3D%3D&md5=2b607c7d119c74ec9b6736eb31b47076CAS | 3393197PubMed |

[10]  Maywood, P. (2011) Outbreak investigation: Q Fever in a small animal hospital. Australian College of Veterinary Scientists.

[11]  Pinsky, R.L. et al. (1991) An outbreak of cat-associated Q fever in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 164, 202–204.
An outbreak of cat-associated Q fever in the United States.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3nslCktQ%3D%3D&md5=9b381b81f5d7b312b8a97ff2bd2fcbedCAS | 2056206PubMed |

[12]  Babudieri, B. (1959) Q fever: a zoonosis. Adv. Vet. Sci. 5, 81–182.

[13]  Skerget, M. et al. (2003) Cat or dog ownership and seroprevalence of ehrlichiosis, Q fever, and cat-scratch disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9, 1337–1340.
Cat or dog ownership and seroprevalence of ehrlichiosis, Q fever, and cat-scratch disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14609477PubMed |

[14]  Fournier, P.E. et al. (1998) Diagnosis of Q fever. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 1823–1834.
| 1:STN:280:DyaK1czht12nsg%3D%3D&md5=bc9916cc05949111fa68e27d9b0766f6CAS | 9650920PubMed |

[15]  Rousset, E. et al. (2010) Q Fever. In Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, pp. 292–303, Paris, Office International des Epizooties (OIE).

[16]  Marrie, T.J. et al. (1988) Exposure to parturient cats - a risk factor for acquisition of Q fever in maritime Canada. J. Infect. Dis. 158, 101–108.
Exposure to parturient cats - a risk factor for acquisition of Q fever in maritime Canada.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3nsVSktg%3D%3D&md5=4d67162831b9760cac7a716ff4e85445CAS | 3392409PubMed |

[17]  Higgins, D. and Marrie, T.J. (1990) Seroepidemiology of Q fever among cats in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 590, 271–274.
Seroepidemiology of Q fever among cats in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK3czjsVegsw%3D%3D&md5=6d1d6685b59fdf6bab8e6b8005e60727CAS | 2378456PubMed |

[18]  Marrie, T.J. et al. (1985) Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia. Am. J. Public Health 75, 763–766.
Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3it1ygsg%3D%3D&md5=76e3ab2929531d5c65312df919075d00CAS | 3890569PubMed |

[19]  Vallieres, A. et al. (1996) Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii within a domestic cat population in Quebec. In Animal Epidemiology and Protection of Public Health, pp. 43–49.

[20]  Matthewman, L. et al. (1997) Exposure of cats in southern Africa to Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 13, 477–479.
Exposure of cats in southern Africa to Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK2svgtlWrtQ%3D%3D&md5=03240d745891060a238ee42a8eece42aCAS | 9258556PubMed |

[21]  Komiya, T. et al. (2003) Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections among cats in different living environments. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65, 1047–1048.
Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections among cats in different living environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14532705PubMed |

[22]  Morita, C. et al. (1994) Seroepidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii in domestic cats in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol. 38, 1001–1003.
| 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjtFaqtrs%3D&md5=009ec5c86df7fe31637fdc3991ff2f53CAS | 7723682PubMed |

[23]  Willeberg, P. et al. (1980) Environmental exposure to Coxiella burnetii – a sero-epidemiologic survey among domestic animals. Am. J. Epidemiol. 111, 437–443.
| 1:STN:280:DyaL3c7psFKlug%3D%3D&md5=50b23f5fe8f3caa963f6a2f4442c3915CAS | 7377186PubMed |

[24]  Cooper, A. et al. (2011) Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in dogs in a regional centre. Aust. Vet. J. 89, 385–387.
Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in dogs in a regional centre.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MfltFGntA%3D%3D&md5=62b930bc07ef58d84b5c05fc3da0a135CAS | 21933165PubMed |

[25]  Marrie, T.J. et al. (1985) Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia. Am. J. Public Health 75, 763–766.
Seroepidemiology of Q fever among domestic animals in Nova Scotia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3it1ygsg%3D%3D&md5=76e3ab2929531d5c65312df919075d00CAS | 3890569PubMed |

[26]  Amal, S.M.S. et al. (2002) Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection among dogs and humans in upper Egypt. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 47, 205–215.

[27]  Boni, M. et al. (1998) Survey of seroprevalence of Q fever in dogs in the southeast of France, French Guyana, Martinique, Senegal and the Ivory Coast. Vet. Microbiol. 64, 1–5.
Survey of seroprevalence of Q fever in dogs in the southeast of France, French Guyana, Martinique, Senegal and the Ivory Coast.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FovFCqtg%3D%3D&md5=f7b3f2e1e70c8fc70bf9a3de6124494eCAS | 9874098PubMed |

[28]  Havas, K.A. and Burkman, K. (2011) A comparison of the serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii exposure between military working dogs and feral canines in Iraq. Mil. Med. 176, 1101–1103.
| 22128642PubMed |

[29]  Baldelli, R. et al. (1992) Dog-transmitted zoonoses: a serological survey in the province of Bologna. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita 28, 493–496.
| 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3mtlCiug%3D%3D&md5=1d34abedf312939f3c0614af737a3731CAS | 1303042PubMed |

[30]  Cairns, K. et al. (2007) Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii DNA in vaginal and uterine samples from healthy cats of north-central Colorado. J. Feline Med. Surg. 9, 196–201.
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii DNA in vaginal and uterine samples from healthy cats of north-central Colorado.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17208030PubMed |

[31]  Roest, H.I.J. et al. (2013) Search for possible additional reservoirs for human Q fever, The Netherlands. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19, 834–835.
Search for possible additional reservoirs for human Q fever, The Netherlands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |