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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 38(10)

Molecular phylogeny of Boninia (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida), with description of a new species from the Pacific coasts of Panama

Aoi Tsuyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-0679 A B * , Jon Norenburg C , Francesca Leasi D and Marco Curini-Galletti E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

B Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

C Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.

D Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA.

E Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.

* Correspondence to: tykamsp0430@gmail.com

Handling Editor: Tauana Cunha

Invertebrate Systematics 38, IS24009 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS24009
Submitted: 23 January 2024  Accepted: 3 October 2024  Published: 30 October 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.

Abstract

Mesopsammic polyclad members in the family Boniniidae have attracted attention in terms of their evolutionary shifts of microhabitat and their unique morphology such as a pair of pointed tentacles extending from the anterolateral margins and prostatoid organs harbouring stylets. Here, we establish a new species of this family as Boninia panamensis sp. nov. from the Pacific coasts of Panama, based on its morphological characteristics of (i) four cerebral and 61–80 marginal eyespots, (ii) two prostatoid organs located anterior and posterior to the penis papilla, and (iii) two uterine canals departing from the anterior part of the Lang’s vesicle. We also report Boninia cf. uru from Hawai’i, USA, based on its morphological identity with B. uru from Okinawa, Japan, along with their genetic distances for the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, which were beyond the range of intraspecific differences observed in congeners in this study. Boninia oaxaquensis is also reported from Panama as a new locality for the species. Involving the above-mentioned three species sequenced herein, we reconstructed molecular phylogenetic trees of Boninia based on the four gene markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI). Our phylogenetic trees indicated the synapomorphy within the genus Boninia of the small numbers of stylets (2–4) and the connection route of the uterine canals to the Lang’s vesicle. The results also showed a characteristic distribution pattern in which pairs of species in distinct lineages occurred sympatrically with different microhabitats, as observed in Boninia uru and Boninia yambarensis in Okinawa and B. panamensis sp. nov. and B. oaxaquensis in Panama. In addition, we discuss possible speciation pathways in this genus based on the tree topology.

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D414BACD-C14A-4B34-8AF9-7ACBA28F46D0

Keywords: biogeography, circumtropical distribution, Cotylea, Eastern Pacific Barrier, histology, interstitial, nomenclature, taxonomy.

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