Citizen science and integrative taxonomy reveal a great diversity within Caribbean Chaetopteridae (Annelida), with the description of one new species
Daniel Martin
A * , Marika Mecca B F , Miguel A. Meca A C , Godfried van Moorsel D and Chiara Romano E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB–CSIC), Carrer d’accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, E-17300 Blanes, Girona, Catalunya, Spain.
B Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy.
C Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
D Ecosub, Berkenlaantje 2, NL-3956 DM Leersum, Netherlands.
E Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Calabria Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Italian National Institute for Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, C. da Torre Spaccata, I-87071 Torre Spaccata, Amendolara (CS), Italy.
F Present address: Centro Andaluz Superior de Estudios Marinos (CASEM), Avenida República Árabe Saharawi s/n, E-11510 Cádiz, Spain.
Invertebrate Systematics 36(7) 581-607 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS21081
Submitted: 15 December 2021 Accepted: 1 May 2022 Published: 26 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
Chaetopteridae forms a monophyletic clade showing an uncertain position within Annelida. The family has 75 ubiquitous species within four genera that cluster in two well-supported clades (Chaetopterus–Mesochaetopterus and Spiochaetopterus–Phyllochaetopterus) and includes several cryptic species complexes. Based on integrative taxonomy and supported by citizen science, here we describe one new and two unnamed species of Caribbean chaetopterids. Partial sequences from the nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I genes of all known chaetopterid genera allowed us to (1) discuss the phylogeny of the family and (2) assign the three species into Mesochaetopterus (two) and Phyllochaetopterus (one). Mesochaetopterus stinapa, sp. nov. clearly diverged from all species of the genus, whereas Mesochaetopterus aff. xerecus forms a separate clade with Mesochaetopterus rogeri (Europe) and Mesochaetopterus xerecus (Brazil). Phyllochaetopterus aff. verrilli forms a separate clade with Phyllochaetopterus arabicus (Red Sea) and the closely related sequences from Hawai’i, Australia and French Polynesia attributed to Phyllochaetopterus verrilli (or cf. verrilli). Despite observing differences in morphology (e.g. palp colour pattern, presence or absence of eyespots, chaetal morphology and arrangement) and biogeographical distributions, only the erection of M. stinapa as a new species is well supported by the genetic distance, barcoding gap and species discrimination analyses. Our results emphasise the existence of cryptic species complexes within Mesochaetopterus and Phyllochaetopterus, whose taxonomy will require further morphological, biogeographical and molecular data to be resolved.
Keywords: 18S rRNA, Annelida, biogeography, Chaetopteridae, citizen science, COI, cryptic species, integrative taxonomy, morphology, new taxon.
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