Conflict and congruence between morphological and molecular data: revision of the Merodon constans group (Diptera : Syrphidae)
Ante Vujić A , Snežana Radenković A , Laura Likov A , Andrijana Andrić
B E , Marina Janković A , Jelena Ačanski B , Grigory Popov C , Michael de Courcy Williams D , Ljiljana Šašić Zorić B and Mihajla Djan A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
B University of Novi Sad, BioSense Institute, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
C I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bohdan Khmelnytsky Street 15, UA-01030 Kyiv, Ukraine.
D PO Box 1304 Palagia, GR-68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece.
E Corresponding author. Email: andrijana.andric@biosens.uns.ac.rs
Invertebrate Systematics 34(4) 406-448 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19047
Submitted: 21 March 2019 Accepted: 3 March 2020 Published: 8 May 2020
Abstract
We revise the Merodon constans species group of the genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae), provide morphological diagnoses and descriptions, as well as an illustrated key and a discussion on the different taxonomic characters used. In total, 15 species were studied, their geographic distributions are presented on maps, and nine new species are described. Two species are redefined and neotypes are designated, lectotypes are designated for five species, and one species is reinstated as valid. Following a detailed study of type material in different entomological collections, the status of several species is revised and three new synonymies are proposed. The M. constans species group was resolved as being monophyletic within the M. albifrons lineage based on molecular analyses using COI and 28S rRNA gene sequences. Three species morphologically similar to M. constans (Rossi, 1794) but occurring outside its distributional range were supported as being valid and distinct species on the basis of molecular data, but they were not distinguishable based on morphological characters. By contrast, continental populations of M. analis Meigen, 1822 could not be separated from Mediterranean M. constans based on differences in COI or 28S rRNA genes. The same molecular markers could not discriminate between two other species pairs. We conclude that these molecular markers only partially resolve species within the M. constans group. Geometric morphometry of wing shape successfully separated M. analis and M. constans, as well as M. spineus Vujić, Šašić Zorić & Likov, sp. nov. in both species and population analyses.
Additional keywords: 28S rRNA gene, COI gene, distributional data, lectotype designation, Merodon chrysotrichos sp. nov., Merodon chrysurus sp. nov., Merodon confinium sp. nov., Merodon mishustini sp. nov., Merodon nitens sp. nov., Merodon solitarius sp. nov., Merodon spineus sp. nov., Merodon spinosus sp. nov., Merodon triangulum sp. nov., neotype, new synonyms.
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