New species reveal unexpected interspecific microhabitat diversity in the genus Uthina Simon, 1893 (Araneae : Pholcidae)
Bernhard A. Huber
A B , Kai R. Caspar A and Jonas Eberle A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
B Corresponding author. Email: b.huber@leibniz-zfmk.de
Invertebrate Systematics 33(1) 181-207 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS18002
Submitted: 9 January 2018 Accepted: 5 September 2018 Published: 6 February 2019
Abstract
Representatives of the Southeast Asian pholcid spider genus Uthina Simon, 1893 have been thought to be very homogeneous in their ecology and morphology. The 14 previously known species all inhabit near-ground microhabitats and cave entrances, and range from pale to dark brown in colour. Even their genitalia are partly very similar, with some species pairs being barely distinguishable based on morphological characters. Here we describe three new species from Bali, Java and Sulawesi that represent three further microhabitats and demonstrate considerable ecological and morphological diversity within the genus: U. maya, sp. nov. from Bali is a large dark species on tree trunks; U. hylobatea, sp. nov. from Bali and eastern Java is a pale leaf-dwelling species that exhibits colour dimorphism; and U. mimpi, sp. nov. is a pale troglomorphic species collected in the aphotic zones of two South Sulawesi caves. In addition, we present new data for five previously described species, including ultrastructure, natural history, new records, taxonomic notes and a description of the previously unknown female of Uthina khaosokensis Yao, Li & Jäger, 2014. Molecular data suggest that all previously described species are very closely related to each other (constituting the monophyletic luzonica-group), and that the three new species represent separate clades within the genus. However, the basal trichotomy could not be resolved: U. maya + (U. hylobatea + U. mimpi) + luzonica-group.
Additional keywords: cave-dwelling, leaf-dwelling, Southeast Asia, taxonomy.
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