Protosternini (Coleoptera : Hydrophilidae) corroborated as monophyletic and its larva described for the first time: a review of the myrmecophilous genus Sphaerocetum
Martin Fikáček A B G , Munetoshi Maruyama C , Takashi Komatsu D , Christoph von Beeren E , Dominik Vondráček B and Andrew E. Z. Short FA Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-19300 Praha 9, Czech Republic.
B Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
C The Kyushu University Museum, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
D Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
E Laboratory of Insect Social Evolution, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York City, NY 10065, USA.
F Division of Entomology, Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
G Corresponding author. Email: mfikacek@gmail.com
Invertebrate Systematics 29(1) 23-36 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS14026
Submitted: 27 May 2014 Accepted: 29 October 2014 Published: 20 March 2015
Abstract
The genus Sphaerocetum Fikáček, 2010 is reviewed on the basis of specimens collected from mixed ant nests shared by Camponotus Mayr, 1861 and Crematogaster Lund, 1831 ants in Peninsular Malaysia. Two new species, S. arboreum, sp. nov. and S. hortulanum, sp. nov., are described. A larva of S. arboreum was collected in the same nest as the adults, implying that it is likely that the entire life cycle takes place inside the ant nest; its association with adults was confirmed by cox1 sequences. It is described in detail and represents the first known larva of the tribe Protosternini. Fragments of four genes (cox1, cox2, 18S and 28S) were amplified for S. arboreum and combined with previously generated data in order to test the position of the genus within the subfamily Sphaeridiinae. The analyses revealed Sphaerocetum as a sister taxon to Protosternum Sharp, 1890, corroborating the monophyly of the tribe Protosternini. Bayesian analysis revealed an alternative hypothesis of the phylogenetic position of the tribe, indicating that Protosternini is a sister-group to Omicrini. This position is supported by the chaetotaxy of the maxillary stipes of the larva, which lacks the increased number of stout setae on the inner face present in all other Sphaeridiinae larvae except Omicrini.
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