Systematics, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea : Valvatida : Goniasteridae)

It is with profound gratitude that I thank Nadia Ameziane, Philippe Bouchet, Bertrand Richer de Forges, Thomas Schlager, and the participants of the BATHUS 3, SMIB 3, 4, 5, and VAUBAN cruises for collection of material that was used in this paper. I am also grateful for the assistance of Cynthia Ahearn (NMNHIZ), Cathy Groves (LACM), and Bob Van Syoc (CAS) with specimen loans. Dan Blake, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provided important discussion and a review of the paper. Thanks to Loisette Marsh, Western Australian Museum, Maria Byrne, University of Sydney, Tim O’Hara, Museum Victoria, and Mike Barker, University of Otago for discussions and answering my questions regarding topics in the paper. O’Hara and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments. Kate Neil, New Zealand National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research and Andrzej Gazdzicki, Polish Academy of Sciences provided me with reference images of asteroid specimens. This research was partly funded by NSF Polar Programs Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant # 0631245.

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Appendix 1.  Data matrix

Appendix 2.  Character list