Integrative taxonomy increases biodiversity knowledge of Gusana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) with the description of four new Chilean species
Ana Laura Almeida A , Marta Álvarez-Presas B , Laura Bolonhezi C and Fernando Carbayo
A C *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04263-000, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
B School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TQ, Bristol, UK.
C Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Avenida Arlindo Bettio, 1000, CEP 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Invertebrate Systematics 36(6) 533-556 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS21066
Submitted: 18 September 2021 Accepted: 3 February 2022 Published: 18 July 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
The Chilean land planarian genus Gusana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplaninae) currently comprises three species that were described in the 19th century. Four new species of the genus are described herein, namely G. hualpensis Carbayo, sp. nov., G. lujanae Almeida & Carbayo, sp. nov., G. melipeucensis Almeida & Carbayo, sp. nov. and G. purensis Bolonhezi, Almeida & Carbayo, sp. nov. An integrative taxonomy approach was adopted by combining morphological (anatomy, histology) and molecular (COI and 28S genes) information. Additionally, the monophyletic status of Gusana is investigated and the species are delimited by a recently introduced molecular delimitation method based on pairwise genetic distances. All Gusana species are very similar in attributes such as body shape, dorsal colour pattern and internal organs, namely the pharynx and copulatory apparatus and only differ in the details. Gusana is retrieved as monophyletic and the molecular delimitation method recovered the same species recognised morphologically. A re-diagnosis of the genus and replacement of G. lata into Pseudogeoplana are also proposed. A new role of the penis papilla is also suggested based on the spermatophore found in Gusana lujanae.
Keywords: ASAP, Chile, flatworms, Geoplanidae, morphology, Neotropical, phylogeny, systematics.
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