Systematic revision of the Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862) species group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): implications for the conservation management of Australia’s most threatened butterflies

Ethan P. Beaver; Michael F. Braby; Richard V. Glatz; D. Andy Young

doi:10.1071/IS23032

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Next Contents Vol 37(10)

Systematic revision of the Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862) species group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): implications for the conservation management of Australia’s most threatened butterflies

Ethan P. Beaver

^A ^B ^* , Michael F. Braby

^A ^B , Richard V. Glatz

^C ^D ^E and D. Andy Young

^E

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

^B Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, RN Robertson Building, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.

^C Terrestrial Invertebrates, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.

^D School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.

^E D’Estrees Entomology & Science Services, MacGillivray, SA 5223, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: ethan.beaver@csiro.au

Handling Editor: Andy Austin

Invertebrate Systematics 37(10) 677-701 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS23032
Submitted: 17 June 2023 Accepted: 14 September 2023 Published: 11 October 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Lycaenid butterflies of the Ogyris idmo species group are endemic to Australia and obligatorily associated with Camponotus ants. Several species are threatened with extinction, but there are considerable uncertainties with the present classification. Here, the taxonomy of the species group is revised based on molecular and morphological data. Mitochondrial sequence data were obtained from GenBank for Ogyris Angas, 1847, from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) (total of 1203 bp), and a phylogeny of the genus was reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood methods. Based on these molecular data, adult morphology and other evidence, the following eight taxa are recognised in this species group: Ogyris otanes (C. & R. Felder, 1865), Ogyris arcana M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 stat. rev., Ogyris arcana arcana M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 comb. nov., Ogyris arcana sublustris M.R. Williams & Hay, 2001 comb. nov., Ogyris halmaturia (Tepper, 1890), Ogyris halmaturia halmaturia (Tepper, 1890), Ogyris halmaturia waterhouseri (Bethune-Baker, 1905) stat. rev., Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862), Ogyris subterrestris Field, 1999 and Ogyris petrina Field, 1999 stat. rev. The female of Ogyris halmaturia halmaturia is described for the first time. Phylogenetic relationships among the six species are as follows: (O. otanes + O. arcana) + (O. halmaturia + (O. idmo + (O. subterrestris + O. petrina))). The life history switch from phytophagy (O. otanes and O. arcana) to entomophagy (suspected myrmecophagy) within this species group has led to diversification of four species, a most unusual evolutionary pattern within the Lycaenidae globally. The taxonomic changes proposed herein affect some of the most threatened Australian butterflies and their conservation status is discussed.

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B9A6F558-DD47-47DF-AC9C-A71270B6EE09

Keywords: Camponotus, conservation status, critically endangered, endangered, entomophagy, Loranthaceae, myrmecophagy, Santalaceae, systematics, Theclinae, threatened species, vulnerable.

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