An integrative approach reveals high species diversity in the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) from Hunan, China
Dengqing Li A , Zhaoyang Chen A , Fengxiang Liu B , Daiqin Li
C * and Xin Xu A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan Province, PR China.
B State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei Province, PR China.
C Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
Invertebrate Systematics 36(2) 160-198 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS21058
Submitted: 17 August 2021 Accepted: 13 October 2021 Published: 22 February 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
Accurate species delimitation is crucial for our understanding of evolution, biodiversity and conservation. However, morphology-based species delimitation alone appears to be prone to taxonomic errors and ineffective for taxa with high interspecific morphological homogeneity or intraspecific morphological variations, as is the case for mesothele and mygalomorph spiders. Combined molecular–morphology species delimitation has shown great potential to delimit species boundaries in such ancient lineages. In the present study, molecular and morphological evidence were integrated to delimit species of the primitively segmented spider genus Songthela Ono, 2000. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was sequenced for 192 novel specimens belonging to 12 putative morphospecies. The evolutionary relationships within Songthela and the 12-morphospecies hypothesis were tested in two steps – species discovery and species validation – using four single-locus species delimitation approaches. All species delimitation analyses supported the 12-species hypothesis. Phylogenetic analyses yielded three major clades in Songthela, which are consistent with morphology. Accordingly, we assigned 19 known and 11 new species (S. aokoulong, sp. nov., S. bispina, sp. nov., S. dapo, sp. nov., S. huayanxi, sp. nov., S. lianhe, sp. nov., S. lingshang, sp. nov., S. multidentata, sp. nov., S. tianmen, sp. nov., S. unispina, sp. nov., S. xiujian, sp. nov., S. zizhu, sp. nov.) of Songthela to three species-groups: the bispina-group, the multidentata-group and the unispina-group. Another new species, S. zimugang, sp. nov., is not included in any species groups, but forms a sister lineage to the bispina- and unispina-groups. These results elucidate a high species diversity of Songthela in a small area and demonstrate that integrating morphology with COI-based species delimitation is fast and cost-effective in delimiting species boundaries.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF0F5B31-AFAF-4861-9844-445AE8678B67
Keywords: COI, DNA barcoding, Liphistiidae, Mesothelae, new species, Songthela, species delimitation, taxonomy, trapdoor spiders.
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