Extensive species diversification and marked geographic phylogenetic structure in the Mesoamerican genus Stenopelmatus (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatinae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear 3RAD data
Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez A B B , Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón
A A * , David B. Weissman C and Amy G. Vandergast D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Copilco, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México.
B Departamento de Ecología de Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD–CSIC), Avenida Americo Vespucio 26, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain.
C Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
D US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego Field Station, 4165 Spruance Road Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92101, USA.
Invertebrate Systematics 36(1) 1-21 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS21022
Submitted: 31 March 2021 Accepted: 5 July 2021 Published: 4 January 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
The Jerusalem cricket subfamily Stenopelmatinae is distributed from south-western Canada through the western half of the United States to as far south as Ecuador. Recently, the generic classification of this subfamily was updated to contain two genera, the western North American Ammopelmatus, and the Mexican, and central and northern South American Stenopelmatus. The taxonomy of the latter genus was also revised, with 5, 13 and 14 species being respectively validated, declared as nomen dubium and described as new. Despite this effort, the systematics of Stenopelmatus is still far from complete. Here, we generated sequences of the mitochondrial DNA barcoding locus and performed two distinct DNA sequence-based approaches to assess the species’ limits among several populations of Stenopelmatus, with emphasis on populations from central and south-east Mexico. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among representative species of the main clades within the genus using nuclear 3RAD data and carried out a molecular clock analysis to investigate its biogeographic history. The two DNA sequence-based approaches consistently recovered 34 putative species, several of which are apparently undescribed. Our estimates of phylogeny confirmed the recent generic update of Stenopelmatinae and revealed a marked phylogeographic structure within Stenopelmatus. Based on our results, we propose the existence of four species-groups within the genus (the faulkneri, talpa, Central America and piceiventris species-groups). The geographic distribution of these species-groups and our molecular clock estimates are congruent with the geological processes that took place in mountain ranges along central and southern Mexico, particularly since the Neogene. Our study emphasises the necessity to continue performing more taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Stenopelmatus to clarify its actual species richness and evolutionary history in Mesoamerica.
Keywords: biodiversity hotspots, Central America, Insecta, Jerusalem cricket, Mexico, RADseq, vicariant event.
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