Further polyphyly of pinnotheroid crabs: the molecular phylogenetic position of the polychaete-associated Aphanodactylidae
Ling Ming Tsang A , Shane T. Ahyong B E , Hsi-Te Shih C and Peter K. L. Ng D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
B Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
C Department of Life Science and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
D Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore.
E Corresponding author. Email: Shane.Ahyong@austmus.gov.au
Invertebrate Systematics 32(1) 92-99 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17038
Submitted: 11 April 2017 Accepted: 1 June 2017 Published: 9 January 2018
Abstract
Pea crabs of the superfamily Pinnotheroidea De Haan, 1833 are known for their obligate commensal relationships with other marine invertebrates. The concomitant specialisations and adaptations of pinnotheroids have resulted in superficially similar body forms that include a high degree of structural reduction. This has confounded interpretation of their phylogenetic position in the Brachyura and interrelationships within Pinnotheroidea, though all were nevertheless believed to be united by a monophyletic origin of obligate commensalism. The family Aphanodactylidae Ahyong & Ng, 2009 was proposed for a group of genera associated with tube-dwelling polychaetes formerly classified in Pinnotheridae, and provisionally retained in the Pinnotheroidea. We investigated the phylogenetic position of Aphanodactylidae using molecular data from three markers (mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNAs, and nuclear histone H3) covering five of the 12 described aphanodactylid species and a total of 15 thoracotreme families. We found Aphanodactylidae to be monophyletic, but widely distant from Pinnotheridae and instead most closely related to Macrophthalmidae (Ocypodoidea) and Varunidae (Grapsoidea). Therefore, the family Aphanodactylidae is corroborated, but its placement in Pinnotheroidea is rejected. Instead, the phylogenetic position of Aphanodactylidae, as clearly distant from other pinnotheroids, demonstrates that obligate commensalism has evolved independently multiple times within Thoracotremata.
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